THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURAL CONSUMPTION OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF NIŠ

The paper is based on the results of an extensive empirical study of the cultural participation of the urban, suburban and rural population of the City of Niš, carried out in 2015, using a combined questionnaire on a sample of 800 respondents. The research results presented here refer only to the aspect of cultural consumption, with the aim of presenting the empirical findings and indicating whether, and to what extent, the place of residence of the participants, in correlation with the remaining socio-demographic features (age, gender, level of education, profession, satisfaction with one’s financial status), influence their cultural consumption, determining the frequency, forms and limitations of this consumption. The research approach is primarily founded in sociology, and is methodologically quantitatively focused on and developed within the theory of the class-cultural homology of Pierre Bourdieu. The research results indicate that young people who live in urban settlements, with a higher education background and favorable economic means, more often than others participate in cultural consumption, and are more frequently than others involved in acquiring additional artistic, intellectual and/or technical knowledge or skills in their leisure time. One half of all the respondents included in the study, mostly the middle-aged (40–54 years of age), point out the lack of money (an objective obstacle), while one-fourth of all the surveyed respondents, especially the oldest members of village societies (over the age of 55), point out the lack of interest (a subjective obstacle) as the main limitation to their own cultural consumption. The results mostly indicate an average frequency and very limited extent of cultural consumption of all the respondents included in the research to residential inequality and the social predispositions of cultural practices.

An Actor in Red and White

The author focuses on the major Maṇipravāḷam campus and prabandhams composed mostly in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Kerala. These very often include detailed parodic descriptions of social reality and thus allow us a glimpse of Kerala society seen from within at this moment of critical cultural formation. Since Mantrāṅkam has remarkably similar segments in which large parts of the proto-urban and village societies are described in mostly parodic terms, we need to read the play in relation to the primary literary texts of this period. This is a pioneering essay with powerful implications for our understanding of the cultural milieu in which Mantrāṅkam was created.

Partisipasi Pemuda Dalam Berkembangnya Desa Wisata Guna Meningkatkan Ketahanan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Desa (Studi di Desa Wisata Batubulan, Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali)

ABSTRACTThe development of tourism in Bali cannot be separated from the life of indigenous society which is affected by arts and cultural. One of the developing concept for tourism, especially in bali region is “Tourist Village”.within this concept, there are expectation that tourism can be spread evenly throughout the region. The youth has a important role in the development of tourism village, because they are the actors who will bring progress to each of their region. This research aims to examine the participation of youth in the development of tourist village to improving socio cultural resilience of village societies. This study use mix methods or descriptive method with concurrent procedure mixture methods which combine qualitative and qualitative approach. Basically, the determination sample was chosen by purposive sampling using criteria based on opinion. The data were collected using in depth interview and using questionnaire with assessment scale summated ratings model rating scale likert. Interview of the informant were determined through purposive sampling, while questionnaire respondents determined with the representation of population numbers through the slovin formula. The analysis of research will be using interactive Miles and Huberman for qualitative data and inferential statistical techniques (statistics probability) for quantitative data. The research has results that youth is a supporting actor in the management of tourist village in the Batubulan village. Youth participations are at the tokenism rate with an average 61%. The social and cultural life of the origin societies Batubulan village is became the main factor of tourism in this village. The indigenous life of youth and their organizations were proved to actualize socio cultural resilience. Socio cultural resilience was formed through the preservation of dynamically socio culture itself by protecting, developing, and utilizing local socio cultural tourism activities. ABSTRAKPerkembangan pariwisata di Bali tidak terlepas dari kehidupan masyarakat adat dengan seni dan budaya yang melekat di dalamnya. Desa wisata menjadi konsep yang berkembang belakangan ini yang diharapkan menjadi salah satu cara agar pariwisata bisa dinikmati secara merata di seluruh wilayah khususnya di Bali. Pemuda menjadi sangat penting dalam pengembangan desa wisata karena mereka merupakan aktor yang akan membawa kemajuan kedepannya untuk desa wisata di setiap wilayah mereka masing-masing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui partisipasi pemuda dan upaya mereka dalam pengembangan desa wisata guna meningkatkan ketahanan sosial budaya masyarakat desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix methods atau metode deskriptif dengan prosedur metode campuran konkuren yang mengkombinasikan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kuantitatif. Penentuan informan dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling dengan menggunakan kriteria berdasarkan pertimbangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, studi dokumentasi, kepustakaan, internet dan kuesioner skala penilaian summated ratings model rating scale likert. Responden kuesioner ditentukan melalui perwakilan jumlah populasi melalui rumus slovin. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan interaktif Miles dan Huberman untuk data kualitatif dan teknik statistik inferensial (statistik probabilitas) untuk data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemuda hanya sebagai aktor pendukung dalam pengelolaan desa wisata di Desa Batubulan. Partisipasi pemuda berada pada tingkat partisipasi tokenism dengan bobot rata-rata sebesar 61,4%. Kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat asli Desa Batubulan menjadi faktor utama pariwisata di Desa Wisata Batubulan. Pemuda dengan kehidupan masyarakat adat serta organisasi yang menjadi wadah terbukti mampu mewujudkan ketahanan sosial budaya. Ketahanan sosial budaya secara dinamis lahir dan terbentuk melalui pelestarian sosial budaya dengan cara melindungi, mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan potensi sosial budaya lokal melalui aktifitas pariwisata.

The Power of Villages

While the settings for village formation in eastern North America differ widely, the cultural materials that peoples used to craft village communities and the social processes that played out within them were not so different. The power of villages to create new societal forms developed through processes of emplacement, negotiation, cooperation, and competition at multiple social and spatial scales. As such, the way individuals and groups expressed power operated under different societal constraints than under other kinds of social formations. In this chapter, we consider the several key themes that are important to understanding village coalescence and operation, including social relations, cooperation, power dynamics, kinship, hierarchy, and the rise of large and powerful villages, among others. While we have centered this discussion on eastern North America, we have also situated this regional analysis in a global context in order to illustrate how our understanding of village societies in the area contributes to a broader understanding of world archaeology.

Crystal River and the Archaeology of Early Village Societies in the American Southeast (and Beyond)

In the archaeology of the American Southeast, the Woodland period (from around 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) is not conventionally understood as an interval marked by significant “firsts.” But it was marked by a dramatic change in the way people related to one another, as indicated by the earliest widespread appearance of sedentary villages, often associated with large-scale public works like mounds of earth and shell. Crystal River and Roberts Island are examples of these “early villages,” a term archaeologists have used to describe similar societies around the world, typically in reference to societies making a transition from hunting and gathering to farming. However, the people of Crystal River and Roberts Island faced many of the same social and ecological pressures. Early villages are important for what they can tell us about the role of cooperation, collective action, and conflict in the historical process and development of larger and more complex societies.