Research on Design Optimization of Prefabricated Residential Houses Based on BIM Technology

Traditional and conventional methods of architectural and engineering design used for building informational modeling have a number of designs and updating and visualization issues which need to be addressed. In order to improve the design effect of prefabricated residential houses, this study proposes a design optimization method for prefabricated residential houses based on building information modeling (BIM) technology. BIM combines organized, multidisciplinary data to produce a digital representation of an asset across its development, starting from planning and design to building and operations. This study first analyzes the advantages of BIM technology and its applications in architectural design. It is further focused on the design of prefabricated houses, which are based on the optimization theory, modular function, modular design, and modular replacement. These are combined with the monomer architectural form, which is used in prefabricated houses design optimization of the assembly process. Furthermore, the article also focuses on the application of BIM technology in the design optimization of prefabricated residential houses, including the choice of implementation mode, accumulation of experience through the pilot, and the construction of an effective guarantee mechanism.

Raupo Whare (c1860) and the Tale of the Missing Dog Box

In A History of New Zealand Architecture, Peter Shaw describes the European settlers of the 1840s encountering an architecturally-impoverished landscape. Skilled carpenters were still an uncommon migrant at that time and while some of the wealthier settlers brought prefabricated houses with them, for many their first accommodation in New Zealand were deserted shoreline whare. Moreover, these newest of New Zealanders were without familiar building materials and, as Shaw writes, they "emulated the style and construction methods of Maori dwellings and adapted them according to European ideas of hygiene and comfort." This explanation is characteristically ethnocentric in its confident view that European society, at that time, was architecturally superior. Sinclair has stated that it was colonial contact (principally commercial trade) which drew Māori from their sanitary patterns found in pā occupation. The grand view here is that the settlers adopted an indigenous typology to suit their own physical needs but that they maintained certain environmental and occupancy standards from "home." That is, the settlers would have preferred to have built in the model of the places they had just left but were forced, by the limits of land and labour, to adopt local materials and knowledge, and particularly those of Māori.

Las aportaciones de Gropius y Wachsmann a la industria de las casas de madera

<div><p>Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann made a significant contribution to the housing prefabrication industry. After the Second World War, they set principles that have served as a basis for continuous revisions in the interests of optimising the industry. The Packaged Houses are a research that shows a continuous review of the processes and constructive systems of prefabricated houses. This article tries to study (following a chronological criterion and focused on the context of this type of construction) the experience of Gropius and Wachsmann and their contributions as a basis for other investigations that, even today, continue their course.</p></div>

CREATING DURABLE WOOD GLUE STRUCTURES BASED ON PHYSICOMODIFIED ADHESIVES

In the past few decades, gluing technologies have been widely used in woodworking, which significantly expand the range of new products. Bonding of products with adhesives is used in the manufacture of furniture, parquet, load-bearing and enclosing structures, door and window blocks, prefabricated houses and many other products. The main criteria for the quality of glued wood joints is the cohesive and adhesive strength of the glued joint. To date, a number of technologies have been developed to improve the strength of glued wood joints. In order to increase the strength of the adhesive bond of wood, technologists propose methods of variation by such factors as temperature, pressure during curing of the adhesive joint, the purity of the surface treatment of substrates, and the thickness of the adhesive layer. A large amount of work and substantial financial costs are spent on creating new brands of adhesives. However, the requirements for glued timber products are not solved by the proposed gluing technologies and new brands of glues. First of all, this concerns the widely used glue wood structures (CDC), as a rule, operating in difficult conditions with high mechanical loads. To solve the problem of increasing the reliability of glue wood structures, instead of domestic imported, but more expensive adhesives are often used. To a certain extent, the creation of more high-strength adhesive joints has recently also been solved by the use of methods for modifying domestic adhesives exposed to irradiation with magnetic and electric fields, as well as ultrasound.

A mixed method for measuring incompatibilities between manufacturing approaches and off-site construction

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to measure incompatibilities between the manufacturing approaches (MA) used by the manufacturing industries, and those used for the off-site construction (OSC) of buildings. The aim is to explore which of these approaches could be integrated into OSC in a precise manner as viewed by architects as well as how this might occur.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical research and empirical cycle (EC) was adopted as a methodological framework to measure incompatibilities. A combination of quantitative and qualitative mixed methods was explored through a literature-based case study of prefabricated houses and cars, nine real-life projects built by the second author's research team and the first-named author's practical experiences of leading these projects, based on a logic framework derived from the authors’ reflections of their architectural practices.FindingsThe findings quantitatively present the incompatibilities between cars (automobile bodies) and prefabricated houses. Design-related aspects have the most potential for integration (42.3% increment). The key lessons were identified as specific design philosophies and related guidelines for architects.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to single types of products (cars) and buildings (prefabricated houses) in particular regions. The key lessons just present a preliminary evaluation of the application of the design philosophies and related guidelines in nine real-life projects to comply with word limit constraints.Practical implicationsThis study could help architects and other practitioners to locate and target and alleviated incompatibilities between MA and OSC. It could also precisely identify integration shortcomings to optimize decision-making as well as technical pathways for possible and effective breakthroughs.Social implicationsThis study provides fundamental research as a starting point for further discussion and development. A series of additional in-depth investigations combined with case studies are planned for the future. These could provide alternative study approaches to develop more appropriate architectural design methodologies and more streamlined processes.Originality/valueThe research contributes an alternative architectural perspective when measuring incompatibilities between MA and OSC. The results highlight the implications of precise measurement and provide guidance for architects. These facilitate the effective and successful integration of MA into OSC of buildings and promote the uptake of lean construction (LC) in OSC.

ITALIAN TEMPORARY PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTIONS (1933-1949). PROJECTS, PATENTS AND PROTOTYPES

The study considers solutions and systems for temporary and prefabricated constructions developed in Italy in the 1930s and 1940s. Companies such as L’Invulnerabile, Curtisa, Legnami Pasotti, Giuseppe Palini e Figli, Fratelli Ravelli proposed easy to assemble, changeable, and in many cases, dismountable buildings destined to the 1930s Italian and colonial markets. The survey aims to reconstruct different cases, highlighting both the premises that determined the vanguard of the post-war debate on building industrialization and the factors that constrained further developments of the pioneering phase analysed. The study starts with the V Triennale of Milan (1933) and develops in the colonial season in East Africa, enriched with applications in the Alpine areas, before finally considering some proposals that were presented at the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche exhibition on prefabricated houses in 1945 and the development of some patents by manufacturers specialised in this building sector. The buildings were intended for houses and offices of the Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni and the Azienda Mineraria Africa Orientale in the colonial areas, for bivouacs of the Club Alpino Italiano, and for prefabricated houses advanced in the Second post-World War period by Società Anonima Legnami Pasotti and by L’Invulnerabile. The study, based on the clients’ archives (Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni, Azienda Mineraria Africa Orientale, Club Alpino Italiano), technical documentation, and patents of the manufacturing companies, favours the examination of the production and assembly process.

Studi Eksplorasi Desain Rumah Prafabrikasi Berdasarkan Bentuk Modul Komponen sebagai Alternatif Desain Rumah Sederhana

The needs for rapid housing construction has become a very important issue nowadays because of very high housing backlog. Housing construction in the community still use conventional construction systems that have many weaknesses, one of it weakness is the problem of delays in construction time that often occurs due to project managerial problems and poor HR capacity. One alternative for accelerating development is the usage of prefabrication method. Prefabrication method allows the creation of a system to speed up the house building construction is commonly called a prefabricated house. The prefabrication industry in Indonesia is less rapidly developing because its components tend to have rigid designs that make it unattractive, and the costs are relatively more expensive when compared to conventional house. There are four types that includes in prefabricated houses that have been known before, they are RISHA, RUMANAGA, DOMUS, and DUBLDOM. The four prefabricated houses have been assessed in terms of building components and design through industrial research and development. This research is aimed to conduct a study of exploration of prefabricated house design by evaluating the weaknesses of prefabricated houses, especially in terms of module shape and components. In addition, it also examines the minimum size of house area needed in fulfilling the size of a modest house according to a literature study from previous research. From the evaluation results, the prefabricated house design is then formulated in several design alternatives to look for the possibility designs that can be developed. From the results of the study, the size of the module developed to explore the design is to use modules with multiples of 30 cm with a minimum size of the module is 2.4 m x 2.4 m and the maximum size of the module is 3 m x 3 m. Meanwhile, for the area of the house building that was developed there were three alternatives area of the house chosen, they are: small type (28.8 m2), medium type (36 m2), large type (43.2 m2) with minimal house needs, they are: gathering space (living room/room family/kitchen), bedroom, service room (bathroom), and terrace. It is expected that the results of design exploration will be an alternative design for the development of simple home designs.

Creation and Diversified Applications of Plane Module Libraries for Prefabricated Houses Based on BIM

In recent years, due to the advantages of high construction efficiency and less environmental pollution, prefabricated housing has been of increasing interest and vigorously promoted. However at present, most prefabricated houses simply pursue an increase in assembly rate, and the floor plan design still continues to follow the traditional design method of housing, which does not meet the requirements of industrialization and cannot achieve the goal of product diversification. This paper puts forward a method for floor plan designs of prefabricated houses whose core is building plane module libraries. The modules in module libraries all conform to standardized and refined designs. A new residential floor plan can be obtained by selecting and recombining modules in module libraries. The richer the module library, the more diverse the results will be under the same combinatorial logic, which can greatly improve design efficiency. In addition, this paper probes the method of creation and applications of plane module libraries in detail, so as to provide a new idea for floor plan designs of prefabricated houses. This research is of great significance for improving the efficiency of floor plan design of prefabricated housing and realizing goals of standardization and diversification of prefabricated housing development.