Work ethos in American ceremonial discourse addressed to the young

The article discusses work ethos in American ceremonial discourse addressed to the young entering adult life. Its aim is to investigate whether the Protestant work ethic still pervades the American thinking about work. Through a qualitative analysis of the corpus of 100 randomly selected commencement addresses delivered during 2016 and 2017 graduation ceremonies in American universities, it is shown how work-related topics are employed by the speakers celebrating the graduates’ academic achievements and providing them with advice for the future. The Discourse-Historical Approach, committed to Critical Discourse Analysis, has been chosen as a methodological approach, integrating the interpretation of discourses and texts with sociological and historical research, studies on narration, stylistics, rhetoric and argumentation theory. As the discourse to be analyzed is culture-specific, I have decided to combine the Discourse-Historical Approach with Cultural Studies.

TOPIKALISASI DAN BENTUK WACANA KESEHATAN PADA KORAN SURYA JANUARI 2019

This research focuses on topicalisation and forms of discourse contained in the health discourse in the January 2019 edition of Surya newspaper. The description underlying the researcher conducted this study is using discourse analysis as the main theoretical basis and the basis of research, beside topicalisation and discourse form as the subjects in research. The objectives of this study are to describe the topics between sentences and to know health discourse form. Descriptive approach is used in this research. The type of data examined at the focus of the first problem is sentence in each the health discourse’s paragraph in the January 2019 edition of Surya newspaper and the type of data examined at the focus of the first problem is the paragraphs in the discourse. The data collection techniques are observation, deciding the object, identifying data and coding data. Based on the problem, to have a data validity test, the researcher uses triangulation theory which compares the final result as information with relevant theory perspective to avoid researcher’s individual biases of the finding produced. The result of the study shows that not all paragraphs in the discourse have the topic. However, whole discourses have each main topic. In the research of discourse form, the result of analysis shows that expository discourse is the most frequent delivered in the health discourse in the January 2019 edition of Surya newspaper. There are hortatory discourse forms in the health discourse in the January 2019 edition of Surya newspaper, but not as much as expository discourse. Narrative discourse form is a most rarely delivered. Procedural discourse form, dramatic discourse, epistolary discourse and ceremonial discourse are not found in the health discourse in the January 2019 edition of Surya newspaper.

WACANA SEREMONIAL PIDATO DALAM UPACARA PERKAWINAN ADAT JAWA (Speech Ceremonial Discourse in The Javanese Tradition Wedding Ceremony)

Pidato dalam upacara perkawinan adat Jawa adalah bagian penting dalam keseluruhan tradisi bahasa dan budaya Jawa. Sebagai satuan wacana, struktur, dan muatan budaya dalam pidato menyimpan sejumlah permasalahan. Tujuan penelitian menjelaskan penggunaan bahasa, estetika bahasa, dan perubahan wacana pidato. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiolinguistik yang dilengkapi dengan analisis wacana (discourse analysis). Bahan penelitian atau data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tuturan lisan pidato perkawinan (PP) yang dapat didokumentasikan selama penelitian. Tuturan yang diambil sebagai data, didokumetasikan dari tuturan langsung dalam upacara perkawinan yang diselenggarakan oleh masyarakat Jawa di wilayah Yogyakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: pertama, bahasa yang digunakan dalam upacara perkawinan masyarakat Jawa antara lain adalah: bahasa Jawa, bahasa Indonesia, bahasa campuran Jawa-Indonesia (Jawindo). Dalam penyampaiannya, wacana pidato kadang-kadang mengalami gejala alih kode dan campur kode, dan mengalami perubahan atau pergantian tingkat tutur. Kedua, unsur-unsur estetika yang digunakan dalam wacana pidato perkawinan yang berhasil ditemukan antara lain adalah: tembung saroja, tembung garba, yogyaswara, keratabasa, tembung entar, paribasan, bebasan, saloka, pepindhan, pralambang, purwakanthi, panambang bunyi ha-, seselan –in-, seselan –um-, tembung kawi, dan diksi religiusitas. Ketiga, terjadinya perubahan wacana pidato perkawinan disebabkan oleh perubahan konteks yang melatarbelakanginya. Konteks dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan situasi atau suasana yang berlangsung dalam upacara tersebut. Speech in the Javanese wedding ceremony is important part in the Javanese tradition. But, as a unit of discourse, structure, and culture content in speech have several problems. This study aims to explain language usage, language aesthetics and speech discourse changes. This study used the sosiolinguistic approach that accompanied by the discourse analysis. This study used the object and/or data of the oral story about wedding speech (PP: pidato perkawinan) that gathered and documented as long as the study was conducted. The stories taken as data were documented from the direct stories in the wedding ceremony that performed by the Javanese in the area of Yogyakarta. The analysis results performed to the data could describe and explain several problems of this study. First, the spoken language in the wedding ceremony in the Javanese people were the Javanese, the Indonesian, and the mixed language between them called Jawindo (Javanese-Indonesian). Second, the aesthethics elements used in the wedding speech discourse that we found successfully were: tembung saroja, tembung garba, yogyaswara, keratabasa, tembung entar, paribasan, bebasan, saloka, pepindhan, pralambang, purwakanthi, panambang bunyi ha-, seselan -in-, seselan -um-, tembung kawi, and religious diction. Third, the change of the wedding speech discourse was happened because of the change of the underlying context. Context in this case related to the situation and ambience during the ceremony.

The Art of Persuasion

Missionaries and their native co-authors incorporated traditional indigenous oratory into Christian sermons in order to persuade, as well as instruct, the Indian neophytes. An analysis of sermons and devotional literature in indigenous languages reveals many examples of the refined style of Mesoamerican ceremonial discourse, especially the most characteristic literary device of paired couplets, or difrasismos. A comparison is made between Renaissance European and Mesoamerican poetics as represented in Mixtec and Zapotec texts, with an emphasis on the miracle stories of Marian devotion and deathbed exhortations. The rhetorical strategy, which relied on privileging familiar indigenous form over alien Christian content, may have gained a more attentive but not necessarily more convinced audience.