Canadian Association of Radiologists Mammography Accreditation Program—Clinical Image Assessment

The Canadian Association of Radiologists Mammography Accreditation Program (CAR-MAP) has advocated for quality mammography since its inception in 1991. Evidence based standards have been employed to address image quality, education of personnel, radiologists experience and reading volume. This article reviews the objectives and components of the accreditation program. Education requirements for the technologist, physicist and radiologist are described. A guide to the evaluation criteria for the clinical images is provided. Positioning requirements and technical considerations are detailed to assist facilities and their personnel in improving and maintaining image quality and choosing appropriate images for submission for accreditation.

Predictors of reading comprehension in deaf and hearing bilinguals

This study investigates reading comprehension in adult deaf and hearing readers. Using correlational analysis and stepwise regression, we assess the contribution of English language variables (e.g., vocabulary comprehension, reading volume, and phonological awareness), cognitive variables (e.g., working memory (WM), nonverbal intelligence, and executive function), and language experience (e.g., language acquisition and orthographic experience) in predicting reading comprehension in deaf and hearing adult bilinguals (native American Sign Language (ASL) signers, non-native ASL signers, and Chinese–English bilinguals (CEB)), and monolingual (ML) controls. For all four groups, vocabulary knowledge was a strong contributor to reading comprehension. Monolingual English speakers and non-native deaf signers also showed contributions from WM and spoken language phonological awareness. In contrast, CEB showed contributions of lexical strategies in English reading comprehension. These cross-group comparisons demonstrate how the inclusion of multiple participant groups helps us to further refine our understanding of how language and sensory experiences influence reading comprehension.

The Impact of Radiologist Screening Mammogram Reading Volume on Performance in the Ontario Breast Screening Program

Purpose: Although some studies have shown increasing radiologists’ mammography volumes improves performance, there is a lack of evidence specific to digital mammography and breast screening program performance targets. This study evaluates the relationship between digital screening volume and meeting performance targets. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 493 radiologists in the Ontario Breast Screening Program who interpreted 1,762,173 screening mammograms in participants ages 50-90 between 2014 and 2016. Associations between annual screening volume and meeting performance targets for abnormal call rate, positive predictive value (PPV), invasive cancer detection rate (CDR), sensitivity, and specificity were modeled using mixed-effects multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most radiologists read 500-999 (36.7%) or 1,000-1,999 (31.0%) screens annually, and 18.5% read ≥2,000. Radiologists who read ≥2,000 annually were more likely to meet abnormal call rate (OR = 3.85; 95% CI: 1.17-12.61), PPV (OR = 5.36; 95% CI: 2.53-11.34), invasive CDR (OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.50-11.46), and specificity (OR = 4.07; 95% CI: 1.89-8.79) targets versus those who read 100-499 screens. Radiologists reading 1,000-1,999 screens annually were more likely to meet PPV (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.22-4.40), invasive CDR (OR = 3.36; 95% CI: 1.49-7.59) and specificity (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.04-3.84) targets versus those who read 100-499 screens. No significant differences were observed for sensitivity. Conclusions: Annual reading volume requirements of 1,000 in Canada are supported as screening volume above 1,000 was strongly associated with achieving performance targets for nearly all measures. Increasing the minimum volume to 2,000 may further reduce the potential limitations of screening due to false positives, leading to improvements in overall breast screening program quality.

Overall Layout Adjustment of Bookshelves in University Library Using the Service Marketing Concept

Being a window facing readers directly, bookshelves are one of traditional facilities for university libraries to display books, journals, and documents. The layout of the bookshelves determines reader’s optimal routine of borrowing and reading activities, and it thus affects their experience in the library. For university libraries, in order to provide better services, the service marketing integrated theory is applied to the service marketing of libraries. Its core idea is that service marketing should encompass such elements as product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. Taking the example of the library in the Ming Imperial Palace Campus of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, we adopt a service marketing combination strategy to guide the adjustment of the overall layout of bookshelves in the library. According to the characteristics of librarians’ work in university libraries, we put forward a specific “product strategy”; “price strategy”; and “people, process, and tangible display combination strategy”. By comparing and analyzing the volume of books readers borrow from the library before and after the adjustment of the bookshelves, we found that the improved layout of the bookshelves increases the library’s reading volume and improve the user experience. Guided by the service marketing concept, we can effectively carry out the daily work of university libraries.