The sustainable utilization of skipjack tuna in Northern Aceh waters

In recent years, production of skipjack tuna in Aceh was fluctuative in decreased trend due to relatively smaller fish size production. This study was aimed to analyse the skipjack tuna utilization sustainability on actual, maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), and open-access (OA) conditions in North Aceh Waters. This study used time series data in 2009-2018. The analysis method used was a Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomical model. The results that the utilization of skipjack tuna in North Aceh Waters were at economical and biological overfishing. In long-term condition, this will potentially cause a decreased fish stock that will finally disrupt the sustainability level. In actual condition, the average of skipjack tuna utilization level per year was 163.77% more than the allowed total catching product, namely 2,712.64 ton per year. To achieve sustainable point, the fishermen should decrease their effort at 19.32% of the actual condition effort. The highest biomass level was occurred in MEY regime, followed by MSY and OA regimes. This means that the management of skipjack tuna in MEY regime is more conservative than in other regimes due to not spending skipjack tuna resource maximumly, but proposing to an optimum production level, which results in a maximum profit.

ANALISIS BIOEKONOMI SUMBERDAYA IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI KECAMATAN TEHORU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan yang paling melimpah di perairan Indonesia. Hampir seluruh hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis kecil yang didaratkan di Indonesia dikonsumsi lokal karena harganya relatif murah dan rasanya enak, sehingga diduga kontribusinya terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan protein dari ikan bagi masyarakat sangatlah nyata. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan ikan pelagis kecil ini, maka kelestariannya perlu dijaga agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara terus menerus dan dapat dinikmati oleh generasi yang akan datang. Berdasarkan laporan statistik Dinas perikanan Maluku Tengah, Kecamatan Tehoru merupakan salah satu lokasi berkembangnya perikanan tradisional di wilayah Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, ditunjukkan dengan beragamnya alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap berbagai macam jenis ikan termasuk di dalamnya adalah ikan pelagis kecil. Berdasarkan laporan statistik Dinas perikanan Maluku Tengah, perkembangan produksi di Kecamatan Tehoru selama tahun 2005 – 2011, pemanfatan ikan pelagis kecil mengalami fluktuasi produksi yaitu produksi tertinggi ikan pelagis kecil Tahun 2005 sebesar 437,530 dan produksi terendah pada Tahun 2011 sebesar 193,75 ton. Berdasarkan data tersebut terkait dengan potensi dan kondisi sumberdaya perikanan ikan pelagis kecil perlu dilakukan upaya pengelolaan yg optimal dan berkelanjutan serta terjaminnya kelestarian sumberdaya. Untuk itu menjadi dasar penelitian mengenai menganalisis bioekonomi ikan pelagis kecil yang ditemukan di Kecamatan Tehoru. Menganalisis keadaan bioekonomi sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil di Kecamatan Tehoru dengan memakai indikator MSY dan MEY. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan perhitungan pendugaan parameter biologi dan pendugaan parameter ekonomi. Hail penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat produksi optimal pada pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil MSY di peroleh sebesar 301 ton per tahun dengan (Emsy) purse seine sebesar 103 trip per tahun. Hasil analisis Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) untuk ikan pelagis kecil di Kecamatan Tehoru menunjukkan produksi optimum sebanyak 299 kg pertahun dan Effort Maximum Economic Yield (EMEY) 99,85 trip per tahun jumlah trip penangkapan dengan MEY menunjukkan produksi optimum sebanyak 299 kg pertahun

Sustainable Operational Analysis of the Cultivation of Indonesian Thunnus albacares by Bioeconomic Approach

This study aimed to describe the characteristics and cultivation conditions of Thunnus albacares in Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP, shore-port fisheries) of Labuhan Lombok, East Lombok. Data was collected by a simple random sample using a questionnaire for 30 fishing boats. Primary data was collected by interview with respondents and field observation, while secondary data was obtained from records of PPP in Labuhan Lombok, BPS and DKP, East Lombok. Results showed that East Lombok has a high potential for T. albacares cultivation as well as eco-friendly fishery cultivation; this is practiced by local fishermen who commonly use traditional boats sized 4-7 GT complete with fishing utilities, including handline rods and trolling rods. From a biological aspect, there was open access to T. albaceros in 2006, followed by biological overfishing in 2007, and economic overfishing in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) reached 922,518.18 kg per year (MSY level 3,313 per year). The resource optimization of T. albaceros reached the peak of maximum economic yield (MEY) valued at IDR 24,693,982,361, with fish haul efforts from 2,063 annual trips yielding 791,270.90 kg of tuna per year.

Development of an individual-based tag recapture model to benchmark biomass and harvest rates in an iconic lobster fishery

The West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery (WCRLMF) moved from input to output controls in 2010. This change affected the relativity of fishery-based data sources (e.g., catch rates and landed size composition), making the assessment of the fishery problematic. A novel examination of the stock dynamics was required to ensure the robustness of the stock assessment and associated management arrangements. This study derived estimates of current biomass levels and harvest rates from the release of over 60,000 tagged western rock lobsters (Panulirus cygnus). A “Brownie” tag-recapture (BTR) model was initially implemented to provide an assessment on a fishery-wide basis. Estimates from this were compared to those derived from a novel purpose-built tag-recapture individual-based model (IBM) that accounted for sex, size, month, and location-specific changes in catchability. The two models produced similar estimates on a fishery-wide scale—harvest rate (HR 0.26 vs 0.30, respectively) and legal-sized biomass (about 24,500 vs 20,735 t, respectively)—while the IBM also provided estimates on a far finer spatial and temporal scale. Both models indicate that the WCRLMF is currently in a very sustainable condition and is being fished at a rate below maximum economic yield (HRmey is about 0.39). These findings were in concert with estimates derived for this fishery based on two separate catch-rate based population models, an integrated population model and a biomass-dynamics model. Such strong agreement among all models provides great certainty in the current assessment and management of this important marine resource.

DAMPAK EKONOMI AKIBAT IUU FISHING PERIKANAN TANGKAP PELAGIS BESAR DI WPPNRI 715

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak ekonomi akibat IUU fishing pada perikanan tangkap pelagis besar di WPPNRI 715. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian studi kasus dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage random sampling, metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah bioekonomi model. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai dengan Agustus 2019 dan sampling pengambilan data di provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan DKI Jakarta. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produksi legal ikan pelagis besar pada maximum economic yield (MEY) adalah sebesar 368.522,25 ton per tahun dengan effort sebanyak 554 902 trip per tahun dan perolehan rente sebesar Rp3,06 trilyun/tahun sedangkan produksi total (legal dan IUU fishing) adalah sebesar 530.451,63 ton per tahun dengan effort sebanyak 929 414 trip per tahun dan rente sebesar Rp6,73 trilyun/tahun. IUU fishing menimbulkan dampak hilangnya potensi perolehan rente ekonomi pada pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan pelagis besar di WPPNRI 715 yaitu sebesar Rp3,66 trilyun/tahun. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa IUU fishing merugikan perikanan tangkap pelagis besar di WPPNRI 715 sehingga diperlukan rumusan kebijakan dalam pengawasan sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan berupa peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia dalam bidang perikanan, penggunaan satelit pemantauan dan kebijakan peningkatan kesadaran dan penegakkan hukum di laut.Title: Economic Impact of IUU Fishing on Big Pelagic Fish in WPPNRI 715This research aims to determine the economic impact of IUU fishing large pelagic fish in WPPNRI 715. The research is a case study with multistage random sampling. Data were analysed with bioeconomics model for fisheries. The research was conducted from December 2018 to August 2019, and the sampling areas of data collection was in the provinces of North Sulawesi and DKI Jakarta. The results of the analysis showed that the legal production of large pelagic fish at maximum economic yield (MEY) is 368,522.25 tons per year with an effort of 554 902 trips per year, and economic rent at IDR3.06 trillions/year. The total production (legal and IUU fishing) is 530,451.63 tons per year with an effort of 929.414 trips per year and economic rent of IDR 6.73 trillions/year. IUU fishing has an impact on the loss of potential economic rent on the large pelagic fish resources in the WPPNRI 715 amounting to IDR 3.66 trillion/year. The results showed that IUU fishing has a detrimental economic impact on the large pelagic fish in WPPNRI 715. Therefore, a policy is necessary to increase supervision of marine and fishery resources by improving the quality of fishery human resources, the use of monitoring satellites and policies to increase awareness and law enforcement at sea.

Integrated Pest Management: A Paradigm for Modern Age

Integrated pest management is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach for pest management. It plays an important role in sustainable agriculture and quality of food production by providing maximum economic yield to the farmer and also improving human health and environment. Recent developments in agricultural technology, modern communication tools, changing consumer trends, increased awareness for sustainably produced food systems, and globalization of trade and travel, have necessitated the need for the IPM paradigm as appropriate for modern times. Although the concept of integrated pest management originated almost 60 years ago, currently integrated pest management is a robust paradigm of pest control around the globe. This chapter reviews the history of integrated pest management, its main principles, and components of integrated pest management such as host plant resistance, cultural control, behavioral control, mechanical/physical control, biological control, and chemical control.

Estimasi hasil tangkapan maksimum ekonomi sumberdaya ikan pelagis di perairan Laut Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una, Indonesia

The marine area of Tojo Una-Una District has the potential for fishery resources and small islands resources which are used for fishery activities and marine ecotourism. Although most of its territorial waters are a conservation area of the Togean Islands National Park (TINP), in the utilization of fish resources in this area, some still use destructive tools that threaten the habitat and preserve of pelagic fish resources and the economic sustainability of local communities. This study aims to estimate the maximum economic potential of the catch and the level of utilization of pelagic fish resources in Tojo Una-Una district’s sea waters. The research data used combines time-series data from pelagic fish catches and fishing effort (trips) from 2003 to 2015, field survey data, and analyzed using the Gordon-Schaefer Bioeconomic Model approach or the Surplus Production Model. The estimation results show that the total maximum economic Yield (MEY) of pelagic fish resources in the waters of Tojo Una-Una District is quite large, namely 14,950.54 tons per year. Although the potential level of economic utilization of large pelagic fish resources is higher than the use of small pelagic fish, the potential economic rent obtained from the use of small pelagic fish is still higher than that of large pelagic fish. Given that the utilization of pelagic fish resources in the waters of Tojo Una-Una District is under MEY, a careful addition to the capacity of the fishing effort is needed to increase the economic benefits of fish resources for fishermen and the region.Keywords:Estimation,Maximum Economic Yield Pelagic FishABSTRAKWilayah perairan laut Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una memiliki potensi sumberdaya perikanan dan sumberdaya pulau-pulau kecil yang dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan perikanan dan ekowisata bahari. Wilayah perairan Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una sebagian besar merupakan kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Kepulauan Togean (TNKT), namun dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan di wilayah ini masih ada yang menggunakan alat yang sifatnya destruktif sehingga mengancam habitat, kelestarian sumberdaya ikan pelagis dan keberlanjutan ekonomi masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi potensi ekonomi maksimum hasil tangkapan dan tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis di perairan laut kabupaten Tojo Una-Una. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggabungkan data time-series hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis dan upaya tangkap (trip) dari tahun 2003 hingga 2015. Data survei lapangan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Model Bioekonomi Gordon-Schaefer atau Model Produksi Surplus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa total tangkapan maksimum ekonomi (MEY) sumberdaya ikan pelagis di perairan Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una mencapai 14.950,54 ton per tahun. Namun demikian, potensi tingkat pemanfaatan secara ekonomi sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar lebih tinggi dibanding pemanfaatan ikan pelagis kecil, meskipun potensi rente ekonomi yang diperoleh dari pemanfaatan ikan pelagis kecil masih lebih tinggi dibanding ikan pelagis besar. Kesimpulannya, pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis di wilayah perairan Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una berada di bawah MEY, maka penambahan secara hati-hati kapasitas upaya tangkap diperlukan untuk meningkatkan manfaat ekonomi sumberdaya ikan bagi nelayan dan daerah.Kata kunci:Estimasi, Hasil ekonomi maksimum,Ikan Pelagis

Bioeconomic Analysisis of Long-Jawed Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger sp) in Indramayu Regency

Long jawed mackerel resources are resources that are open access and common resources. The activity of catch mackerel in Indramayu district is increasing every year. In 2018 total fish production was 8423 tons while in 2019 there were 9047 tons. The utilization of long jawed mackerel resources must be based on economic and biological aspects as well as planning a sustainable use of long jawed mackerel. This study aims to analyze the conditions, efforts, and actual production of bloating fishing activities that are sustainable and optimal in Indramayu, as well as providing input into the direction of appropriate input and output management in bloating fishing activities in Indramayu Regency. The study was conducted in December 2019 to January 2020. The method used in this study was a survey method using quantitative descriptive analysis. Sample included 100 patients (age range 15-65 years) with respondents were owner fishermen, crew members, and/or boat captains, respondents were fishing using payang and purse seine. The data analysis method used is Gordon Schaefer's bioeconomic analysis. The results of the study found that the recommended fishing effort was in Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) 100.061 trip conditions and total production of 9011 tons, Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) conditions 98.756 trips and total production of 9.009 tons, and Open Access (OA) conditions in 197.513 trips and total production of 4.638 tons. The condition of long jawed mackerel in Indramayu Regency has experienced biological overfishing and economical overfishing. The policy recommendation is a limited entry of 27.242 trips (MSY) to 28.547 trips (MEY). Presentation of the reduction in the number of payang and purse seine fishing gear fleets under the conditions of MSY was 58% and 91,3% while for the MEY conditions were 59% and 91,7%.

ANALISIS BIOEKONOMI PERIKANAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING DI LARANTUKA, KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR, INDONESIA

Tingginya permintaan tuna sirip kuning baik dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pasar mancanegara dan pasar lokal, berdampak pada keberlanjutan perikanan tuna tersebut. Wilayah perairan Flores Timur adalah salah satu lokasi migrasi bagi tuna sirip kuning; Kecamatan Larantuka merupakan tempat pendaratan terpenting bagi nelayan lokal handline tuna sirip kuning. Kegiatan perikanan tuna sirip kuning ini merupakan salah satu pendapatan utama bagi nelayan lokal dan pemerintah daerah setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi tingkat eksploitasi dan menganalisa rezim pemanfaatan dari perikanan handline tuna sirip kuning di Larantuka, Flores Timur. Model bioekonomi Fox dan Copes digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menganalisa tingkat lestari sumber daya tuna ekor kuning dari pendekatan input dan output. Hasil estimasi dari kedua model menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan tuna sirip kuning oleh nelayan lokal handline masih dalam zona lestari secara ekonomi dan ekologi. Maximum economic yield (MEY) merupakan strategi terbaik untuk mengelola keberlanjutan perikanan tuna sirip kuning di perairan Flores Timur. Melalui pengelolaan rezim MEY diperkirakan dapat menyerap tenaga kerja lebih dari 30 orang, peningkatan armada alat penangkapan sebanyak 25 unit dan pemasukan keuntungan secara ekonomi sebesar Rp68.123.060.000,00 per tahun.Title: Bioeconomic Analysis of Yellowfin Tuna Fishery in Larantuka of East Flores Regency, Indonesia The high demand for yellowfin tuna both in national and international markets has a consequence to the fish resources sustainability. Eastern Flores water is a major area of this tuna mobility; the district of Larantuka is the central port for local yellowfin tuna handline fisheries. These activities are substantial incomes for the local community and regional government. This study, therefore, aims to calculate fish exploitation level and to analyze appropriate management for yellowfin tuna fisheries in Larantuka, East Flores. The bioeconomics Fox and Copes models are used to evaluating the optimal fisheries from input and output approaches. The models’ applications demonstrated that yellowfin tuna handline fisheries are currently estimated sustainable both in ecology and economics. During the study period, the maximum economic yield (MEY) is a recommended strategy to manage yellowfin tuna fisheries in Larantuka, Eastern Flores. The strategy contributes to increasing the number of workers about 30 people, the number of fishing fleets about 25 units and reaching the economic rent IDR 68.123.060.000,00 in a year