Abstract
Background This study aimed to classify relapsed retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS) as new primary (NP) or true recurrence (TR) and to assess the implications for therapeutic management of these classifications. Methods Patients with recurrent RLS were classified as NP if the relapse was different from the former tumor’s pathology subtype and anatomical location. Kaplan-Meier curves were adapted to estimate relapse-free survival (RFS), and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors related to NP.Results Total 177 patients with relapsed RLS were included in this study. The median tumor sizes were 16 cm (IQR, 13-22 cm, NP) and 18 cm (IQR, 12-25 cm, TR) (P=0.003). Multifocal tumors (89.2% vs 73.8%, P=0.011) and multiple pathology subtypes (52.7% vs 31.1%, P=0.004) were more common in the NP group and tended to invade wider anatomical areas (85.1% vs 71.8%, P=0.037). The median RFS was 17 months (IQR, 7-35 months) in the NP group and 12 months (IQR, 5-23 months) in the TR group, and NP patients showed a longer RFS than TR patients (P=0.004). When the log-rank test was conducted, low-grade pathology, tumor growth rate ≤ 1.25 cm/month and tumor size ≤ 16.5 cm had a significant influence on the NP phenomenon (P=0.015, 0.019, and 0.028, respectively). Logistic regression analysis illustrated that current surgeries, pathology subtype varieties and pathology grade were independent risk factors for NP (P=0.017, 0.019, and 0.025, respectively).Conclusion NP patients have longer RFS than TR patients, and their tumors tend to have multiple pathology subtypes and tumors and are more likely to invade wider anatomical areas. This classification contributes to a better understanding of RLS and provides new evidence for different therapeutic management of relapsed tumors.