Youth Preferences in the Choice of Information Resources on the Internet

The article analyzes the results of a questionnaire survey of students of Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, aimed at studying the role of electronic resources in youth communication. The results of empirical research aimed at attitudes of students to various forms of interaction in the Web are presented. The preferences of students in the choice of the optimal mass media, programs for the rapid exchange of information are indicated. The motives and peculiarities of the attitude to the Internet are analyzed and explained. In this regard, it has been determined to what extent university students are involved in the information and communication environment of the Internet, ready for the perception of educational and other information on the Web. Separately, the amount of time that students devote to communication in social networks is characterized. In addition, the questionnaire survey focuses on the normative aspect of communication on the Internet, reveals the attitude of young people to the violation of legislation on the World Wide Web.

A novel flow and pressure catheter for complete interventional cardiology physiology management

Ischemia with No Obstructive Coronary Artery (INOCA) in angina patients increases the risk of major cardiac events, with a 1.5x increased mortality rate. There is a link between COVID-19 infection and impairment in the myocardial micro-vasculation which may cause an increase of INOCA patients. Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), is the standard of care in cardiology but its diagnostic function is only related to Obstructive Coronary Artery disease (or epicardial) and it is ineffective with INOCA. The lack of effective and accurate tools for timely evaluation of coronary impairments creates a clinical unmet need. The PhysioCath catheter was developed within the Eurostars project “FP-Catheter, E!113577” aims to resolve this need a provide an effective tool to interventional cardiologists. The main project outcome is a catheter prototype equipped with a blood flow velocity sensor based on a thermo-convection principle, and a fiber optic pressure sensor (based on Fabry-Perot principle). While the use of Fabry-Perot type of sensor is already standard in the industry, the use of a thermo-convection sensor represents a progress with respect the state of the art. The sensor creates an overheat of 7°C above the physiological blood's temperature (considered as being within the safety limits), and it exchanges thermal power with the blood stream. The power is then measured and converted to velocity by means of a calibration curve. The project encompassed interviews with 14 clinical experts, the summary of the interviews indicated that the preferred form of the device is an over the wire microcatheter, with rapid exchange. Within the project then, it was developed a 3Fr microcatheter, with a rapid exchange section of 24cm. Both pressure sensor and flow velocity sensor were integrated in this embodiment. Finally, the PhysioCath prototype was evaluated in a bench test study. The test setup was composed by an anatomical silicone phantom of the aortic root and the coronaries (Elastrat, Geneva, Switzerland), perfused with a peristaltic pump (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston MA, US). The measurements performed by the flow velocity sensor were compared against and external doppler flow velocity sensor. While the pressure measurement was assessed for stability and presence of drift. The data processing revealed and extreme accuracy in the measurement of flow based indexes like CFR (±6% variability), accuracy of the blood flow velocity measurement (±10%), and extreme stability in the measurement of both pressure and flow velocity. In the second part of the project (that is currently ongoing), it will be studied the performance of the device within an animal setting. In conclusion, the PhysioCath device is a microcatheter integrating bot pressure measurement and blood flow velocity measurement. Its performance is of very high accuracy and stability, that represent a main step ahead with respect the current state of the art, based mainly on thermodilution. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Eureka-Eurostars Test bench Microcatheter prototype

Estimation of Enantiomeric Excess Based on Rapid Host–Guest Exchange

Chiral molecules possess enantiomers that have non-superimposable chemical structures but exhibit identical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. This feature prevents the use of NMR spectroscopic methods for the determination of enantiomeric excesses (ee) of chiral molecules, using simple mixtures of their enantiomers. Recently, however, it was reported that the addition of a symmetrical prochiral molecule (a reporter or host) into a solution of chiral analyte can lead to estimation of ee through interactions involving rapid exchange of the chiral analyte (guest) in the formed host–guest complex. This is due to the ee-dependent splitting of NMR resonances of the prochiral host molecule based on averaging the chemical shift non-equivalency caused by the presence of a chiral guest. The mechanism is not dependent on diastereomer formation, and 1:1 host–guest complexes can also show ee-dependent NMR peak splitting. Prochiral molecules capable of ee sensing using the NMR technique are now referred to as so-called prochiral solvating agents (pro-CSAs). pro-CSAs represent a family of reagents distinct from the commonly used NMR chiral derivatizing reagents (where chiral auxiliaries are used to derivatize enantiomers to diastereomers) or chiral solvating agents (where chiral auxiliaries interact in an asymmetric manner with analyte enantiomers). pro-CSA methods are unique since neither pro-CSA nor NMR contains chiral factors, making the technique neutral with respect to chirality. Here, we review our recent work on this matter involving several different nominally achiral receptor molecules whose unique guest binding properties and solution characteristics (especially with regard to NMR spectroscopy) allow for the estimation of ee in the corresponding chiral guests.

Parallel Wiring Using a Single Intravascular Ultrasound Catheter with Double Rapid Exchange Lumens Technique for Chronic Total Occlusions in Peripheral Artery Disease

Purpose: To describe a parallel wiring using a single intravascular ultrasound catheter with double rapid exchange lumens (PASSABLE) technique for peripheral CTOs. Technique: The technique is demonstrated in a 73-year-old patient with CTOs of the superficial femoral and popliteal artery. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination revealed the first guidewire was advanced to the intramedial space of the popliteal artery. Following insertion of the first guidewire into only the distal rapid exchange lumen of the IVUS catheter and a second guidewire into the proximal rapid exchange lumen, a guidewire torquer was passed over it and tightened close to an exit port of the proximal rapid exchange lumen to prevent it from exiting an entry port while advancing the IVUS catheter. The IVUS catheter was advanced to the intraplaque region using only the distal rapid exchange lumen and the second guidewire was then advanced to the intraplaque region under IVUS guidance. The IVUS-guided wiring using the second guidewire on both the distal and proximal rapid exchange lumen was continued and resulted in a successful guidewire crossing into the distal true lumen. Conclusion: This novel technique may prove beneficial in enabling operators to perform IVUS-guided parallel wiring more easily and efficiently.

Safety and Effectiveness of the SVELTE Fixed-Wire and Rapid Exchange Bioresorbable-Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent Systems for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lesions: Results of the OPTIMIZE Randomized Study

Background: The SVELTE fixed-wire and rapid exchange bioresorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting coronary stent systems (SVELTE sirolimus-eluting stent [SES]) are novel, low-profile devices designed to facilitate direct stenting, transradial access, and enhance procedural efficiencies. Methods: Eligible subjects (N=1639) scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention for non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction or stable coronary artery disease were randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with either SVELTE SES or a control durable polymer everolimus-eluting coronary stent. The primary end point was 12-month target lesion failure and a noninferiority margin was specified as 3.58% with an expected event rate of 6.5%. Results: Target lesion failure was observed in 10.3% of SVELTE SES and 9.5% of control everolimus-eluting stent subjects under intention to treat analysis (difference=0.8%; P NI =0.034). Clinically indicated target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis were observed in 1.5% versus 1.9% ( P =0.57) and 0.38% versus 0.51% ( P =0.72) of SVELTE SES versus control everolimus-eluting stent–treated subjects, respectively. Protocol-defined target vessel myocardial infarction (9.4% versus 8.2%) was higher than anticipated and more frequent at sites that utilized troponin versus creatine kinase myocardial band assays. Conclusion: The SVELTE SES did not meet the prespecified threshold for noninferiority. Unexpectedly, high rates of target vessel myocardial infarction in both treatment groups contributed to higher than expected rates of target lesion failure, effectively underpowering the study. No differences between the SVELTE SES and control everolimus-eluting stent were observed for primary clinical or angiographic end point events. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03190473.

Order from Chaos: How Networked Activists Self-Organize by Creating a Participation Architecture

Collectives attempting to self-organize without relying on managerial control can leverage open, digital networks to foster information exchange and agility. But, as collectives grow, the open boundaries that enable the mobilization of participants and rapid exchange of ideas can give rise to new organizing challenges that make collective action untenable. We examine this tension by exploring how networked activists self-organize through open, digital networks to achieve shared aims without belonging to a common organization that supports their cause. With a seven-year, inductive field and archival study, we capture how activists from the Anonymous collective organized 70 protest actions while struggling to integrate newcomers and coordinate increasingly complex activities. Rather than succumb to chaos or managerial control, Anonymous learned to self-organize, gradually abandoning normative forms of control in favor of forms of architectural control. By creating a participation architecture—a sociotechnical framework that empowered technical experts and unobtrusively channeled newcomers to designated forums—networked activists enhanced their collective ability to coordinate complex, interdependent actions at scale. Our grounded theoretical model reveals how the challenges of self-organizing emerge with rapid growth and how these can be overcome by configuring architectural control.

Functions, Influences & Effects of WhatsApp Use During the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia

On March 18, 2020, the Malaysian government took a firm position to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic by putting in effect the Movement Control Order (MCO). By that time, Malaysia had recorded deaths and the number of infections was hundreds. During this period, in addition to the use of popular social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter for rapid information communication, the WhatsApp messaging app was also heavily relied upon during the MCO. In addition to providing information, WhatsApp was also considered to play an important role in daily tasks as well as in education. This article discusses the functions, influences and effects of the use of WhatsApp among Malaysians during the MCO. This research conducted a structured interview with 10 informants from diverse backgrounds and age range. The data was then transcribed verbatim. Analysis of the results revealed that WhatsApp's main functions were to facilitate communication with family members and employers, as well as the means for a rapid exchange of information. On the other hand, the informants revealed that some information shared in WhatsApp was unreliable since there were irresponsible people who were creating and sharing fake news. The informants were also aware that the dissemination of fake news will cause mass panic among the Malaysians. As such, the informants would refer to reliable sources to determine the authenticity of the news they have encountered. This action reflected a mature attitude using WhatsApp during the MCO.