Algorithm-Assisted Platform Location Optmisation Using Mixed-Integer Programming for Cluster Development Strategy in the Gulf of Thailand

The unique characteristic of gas fields in the Gulf of Thailand is the compartmentalized reservoir that requires a huge number of producing wells. The task of locating platform locations for whole field perspectives that also meet all operational criteria while minimizing the number of needed platforms is challenging. This decisional task has a critical impact on project viability, especially for marginal fields. This paper proposes an innovative solution to strengthen success in this business decision by integrating subsurface domain knowledge and optimization algorithms. This study presents an optimization algorithm for determining the optimal locations of wellhead platforms with limited numbers to maximize hydrocarbon resources. Firstly, the algorithm performs verification matching between wellhead locations and subsurface targets throughout the field under drilling criteria. Next, the optimal platform locations are optimized using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) with the primary objective of maximizing hydrocarbon resources. The algorithm literally runs with an increment in number of platforms until there is no incremental hydrocarbon resources gain and additionally summarizes the results as the number of platforms vs. coverage resources. The algorithm has proven its viability by recommending more optimal platform locations in an actual field in the Gulf of Thailand. This algorithm-assisted workflow was able to reduce the number of required platforms. The main driver for this improved decision is that the MILP algorithm manage to improve well targeting and platform location selection under a large set of practical constraints. In contrast, manual workflow retains its limitations to consider them all. This optimization also reduces the working time required for the whole process of well targeting and platform selection. Formerly, a typical workflow takes months of equivalent man-days. Conversely, this algorithm succeeded in completing the operation within just a few hours. Further, the subsurface team saved time by eliminating some repetitive tasks, i.e., they could focus on reviewing results extracted from the optimizer. Moreover, this work demonstrated the capability to extend and scaleup to other fields with similar concepts, which ultimately could lead to more benefits. This innovative workflow translates the complicated subsurface procedure to a numerical optimization problem with a solid proven benefit from real field implementation. Apart from the positive business impact, this study shows that we can promote integration between modern data analytics and domain knowledge in oil and gas industry.

Your Uber Is Arriving Now: An Analysis of Platform Location Decisions through an Institutional Lens

The disruptive impact of platform businesses on local economies has received much attention, but virtually none has been paid to the factors that impact platforms’ decisions about where to locate their activities. The novel, disruptive nature of platforms limits the relevance of traditional theories about location decisions. We argue that local institutional conditions and global legitimacy spillover affect the choices of platform businesses about where to operate. We analyze the controversial case of ride-hailing platform Uber, an app-based service that matches uncertified chauffeurs with passengers. We find that Uber showed a preference for cities that promote competition and innovation. A spillover analysis shows how Uber leveraged their global pool of customers by choosing cities whose visitors were already familiar with Uber’s service. Our study illuminates the key role played by the brand’s mobile customer base as global carriers of legitimacy for Uber’s controversial innovation.

Incline Impact: A Case Study

An incline impact test can be used as a shock test in lieu of a drop test in several test protocols, including ISTA Procedure 1A [1]. Some test protocols, such as ISTA Procedure 1E [2], only allow for an incline impact test and horizontal impact test. In this case study, a graph was developed for a 500-lb impact tester at Christian Brothers University (CBU) Packaging Laboratory. It determines sliding platform location on the incline for a given packaged-product weight to meet the impact velocity recommended by the International Safe Transit Association (ISTA). One station of the platform location higher than the station obtained from the graph is recommended to ensure the meeting of ISTA recommended impact velocity. It is well known that weight is not used in impact velocity of a free fall drop. However, this case study shows that weight contributes to impact velocity of an incline impact test. It contributes to the rolling friction. A heavier weight yields a smaller coefficient of rolling friction ( 𝜇𝑘 ), which results in a higher impact velocity. The coefficient of rolling friction for CBU’s incline impact tester can be computed from 𝜇𝑘 = −9 −5𝑤 + 0.1092, where w is the total weight of the sliding platform and packaged product.

The dual orexinergic receptor antagonist DORA-22 improves the sleep disruption and memory impairment produced by a rodent insomnia model

Insomnia-related sleep disruption can contribute to impaired learning and memory. Treatment of insomnia should ideally improve the sleep profile while minimally affecting mnemonic function, yet many hypnotic drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines) are known to impair memory. Here, we used a rat model of insomnia to determine whether the novel hypnotic drug DORA-22, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, improves mild stress-induced insomnia with minimal effect on memory. Animals were first trained to remember the location of a hidden platform (acquisition) in the Morris Water Maze and then administered DORA-22 (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg doses) or vehicle control. Animals were then subjected to a rodent insomnia model involving two exposures to dirty cages over a 6-hr time period (at time points 0 and 3 hr), followed immediately by a probe trial in which memory of the water maze platform location was evaluated. DORA-22 treatment improved the insomnia-related sleep disruption—wake was attenuated and NREM sleep was normalized. REM sleep amounts were enhanced compared with vehicle treatment for one dose (30 mg/kg). In the first hour of insomnia model exposure, DORA-22 promoted the number and average duration of NREM sleep spindles, which have been previously proposed to play a role in memory consolidation (all doses). Water maze measures revealed probe trial performance improvement for select doses of DORA-22, including increased time spent in the platform quadrant (10 and 30 mg/kg) and time spent in platform location and number of platform crossings (10 mg/kg only). In conclusion, DORA-22 treatment improved insomnia-related sleep disruption and memory consolidation deficits.

System Integration Based on SOA: MedicForMe

The progress of information system in health sector has provided benefits in health service. Indonesia as one of the most densely populated countries in the world is in dire need of adequate health service. Various demographic, geographical, and economic conditions lead to incomprehensive health service potentials. This research is to propose integration concept for the existing health service platforms in Indonesia based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). The Smart healthcare system integration is called MedicForMe. This research was conducted using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the results of research in the form of a rich picture concept, a SOA layer diagram consisted of 8 services including: hospital, pharmacy, health ministry, delivery service, payment gateway, online healthcare platform, location mapping, and insurance

Persuasion and Issue Voting

This article examines neo-Downsian models of party competition and voter choice, with a special emphasis on Riker’s notion of heresthetics. It argues that platform location is only one way in which parties or candidates compete to motivate voters to support them, with the neo-Downsian literature having moved well beyond the “classic comic book” version of Downs as simply predicting convergence to the views of the median voter when elections involve two-party contests held under plurality rules in single seat constituencies. The article considers a variety of models, including ones that emphasize the importance of changes in the location of the status quo, models with assimilation and contrast effects, models that look at differential issue salience and persuasion about the importance weights to be attached to different issue dimensions, and models that involve the introduction of new dimensions of political competition.

2318 Augmenting perception through direct electrical stimulation of adult somatosensory cortex

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our main objectives are to study sensory encoding in the adult cortex and quantify rodents’ ability to use intracortical microstimulation to guide behavior. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Three rats were implanted with unilateral bipolar stimulating electrodes. The electrodes were connected to a wireless neural stimulator housed in the rat’s backpack. The rat’s swim path was tracked by a video camera above the circular pool, and stimulation parameters were updated in real-time based on distance from the platform. Stimulation was delivered as the distance from the platform increased. Stimulation amplitude was determined through behavioral threshold testing, and parameters ranged from 15–75 μA with 100-Hz pulse trains and 0.2-ms pulses. Rats were first challenged with the 4-platform task in which the submerged platform was randomized across 4 possible locations. This dissociated visual cues from the platform location, as rats had knowledge of the 4 possible locations, but had to use stimulation to guide them efficiently. Next, rats were tasked with the more challenging random-platform task. Visual cues were completely dissociated from the platform location by randomizing the platform location across the entire pool. Performance using the neuroprosthetic device was assessed by comparing trials when the device was on (stimulation trial) Versus off (no-stim trial) for the 2 tasks. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 4-platform task: Rats visited less potential platform locations when the neuroprosthetic was on Versus off. Rats were also more likely to visit the correct platform location on their first swim trajectory when brain stimulation was delivered. When artificial cues were not available, rats had a greater chance of visiting the platform location from the previous trial. This indicated that rats relied on visuospatial memory without the neuroprosthetic. Random platform task: Performance was measured by taking the ratio of the rat’s actual path length to the optimal path length. When the neuroprosthetic was on, rats demonstrated superior performance through a smaller path to length ratio compared with when the device was off. The platform locations of catch trials were matched to a random subset of stimulation trials, permitting a paired sample t-test. Both rats had significantly shorter path lengths when the device was on. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Rodents have excellent navigation skills that have been well studied. They have been shown to rely on multimodal sensory information from visual, olfactory, auditory, and idiothetic cues to navigate through their environment. The importance of these cues depends on both their environmental presence and task relevance. In the original Morris water maze experiment, rats use vision to form a visuospatial map of the platform location for allocentric navigation. Here, we have shown that sensory augmented rats can pick up on novel sensory information delivered through ICMS to efficiently find a hidden platform when visual cues are made irrelevant.Our results have implications for the design of the bi-directional sensorimotor neuroprosthetic. We have demonstrated that mammals can interpret artificial sensory information to guide behavior. Future directions include investigating sensory encoding in other primary sensory areas and downstream targets along the somatosensory neuraxis.