Assessment of economic, energy and ecological efficiency of iron and steel production from orecoal briquettes in electric-furnace melting facility with application of hydrogen fuel

According to the Russia National cadastre, emissions of carbon dioxide in the steel industry in 2019 in the sector “Industrial emissions” accounted for near 50% of the whole volume of its emissions in the whole country’s industry. A perspective way to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases is application of hydrogen in technological processes of metallurgical stuff production. A brief characteristic of basic technologies of hydrogen production presented. Concept of hydrogen technology development in steel industry of Russia stated, basic directions of metallurgical subindustries restructing related to implementation of the new fuel – “brown” hydrogen presented. Possibilities of “brown” hydrogen obtaining as a secondary energy resource of metallurgical production considered. Results of calculation of economic, energy and ecological effectiveness of cast iron, steel and “brown” hydrogen production in electric-furnace melting facilities of new type presented. It was shown that replacement of scheme “blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace”, including production of sinter and coke, by electric-furnace melting production with obtaining hot metal and steel from ore-coal briquettes and application of “brown” hydrogen and recycling of carbon dioxide enables to exclude greenhouse gases emissions. Capital investment into the hydrogen project of 1.0 million t/year capacity with restructing production capacities will account for 9.5 billion Rubles (120.0 million euro), economical effect – 5.4 billion Rubles (70.0 million euro), period of capital investments payback – 1.8 year.

Pyrometallurgical processing of high-titaniferous ores.

The future development of Ural mineral and raw materials base of steel industry is considerably stipulated by the development of deposits of titanium-magnetite ores, the reserves of which are accounted for near 77% of iron ores of Urals. It was shown, that the content of titanium dioxide as well as harmful impurities in the titanium-magnetite have the decisive meaning for selection of processing technology of them for extraction out of them vanadium and other useful components. Technological schemes of the titanium-magnetite enrichment and industrial methods of titanium-magnetite concentrates processing considered. Examples of titanium-magnetite processing by coke-BF and coke-less schemes given. The problems of blast furnace melting of titanium-magnetite ores highlighted. Main problems relate to formation of refractory compounds in a form of carbo-nitrides during reduction of titanium and infusible masses in blast furnace hearth. It was shown, that intensification if carbides precipitation is stipulated by increase of intensity of titanium reduction at increased temperatures of a heat products and requires the BF heat to be run at minimal acceptable temperature mode. Technological solutions, necessary to implement in blast furnace for iron ore raw materials with increased content of titanium processing were presented, including increase of basicity of slag from 1.2 to 1.25-1.30, increase of pressure at the blast furnace top from 1.8 to 2.2 atm, decrease of silicon content in hot metal from 0.1 to 0.05%, application of manganese-containing additives. It was noted, that theoretically the blast furnace melting of titanium-magnetite is possible at titanium dioxide content in slag up to 40% when application of the abovementioned technological solutions, silicon content in hot metal to 0.01% and very stable heat conditions of a blast furnace. The actuality of titanium and its pigmental dioxide production increase was noted. Possibilities of development of Medvedevskoje and Kopanskoje deposits of high-titaniferous ores in Chelyabinsk region with extraction not only iron and vanadium but also titanium considered.

A comparative assessment of cancer-related mortality among workers employed at the various stages of pyrometallurgical production of copper

The authors present comparative evaluation of influence caused by complex of carcinogenic work conditions of main stages of copper pyrometallic production on cancer-related mortality of the workers. Findings are that raw copper enrichment, blister copper recovery through reverberative furnace melting and f re refining of blister copper are carcinogenic danger for the workers. Malignancies frequency in the workers appeared to directly depend on occupational exposure to arsenic. The results of the workers’ cancer-related mortality correspond to data of carcinogenic risks evaluation at all stages of metallurgic production of copper. Given the study results, reasonable suggestion is to include raw copper enrichment into official list of occupational processes with carcinogenic danger.

Research of Titaniferous Ores Melting and Properties of Cast Iron and Slag

Questions of melting of iron ore and raw materials with receipt of cast iron and slag are considered in vitro. The chemical composition of cast iron of slag is studied in vitro. The viscosity of slag is researched. Object of research - titaniferous ores with various contents of titan dioxide. The technical and economic indicators of a blast furnace melting an agglomerate and pellets (a consumption of coke and productivity, a chemical composition of cast iron and slag) received from a concentrate of the Kachkanarsky deposit are calculated. The technique of scientific research is used [1].