Is Lung Ultrasound Helpful in COVID-19 Neonates?—A Systematic Review

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 infection has occurred in neonates, but it is a fact that radiation exposure is not recommended given their age. The aim of this review is to assess the evidence on the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) in neonates diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed so as to find a number of published studies assessing the benefits of lung ultrasound for newborns diagnosed with COVID and, in the end, to make a comparison between LUS and the other two more conventional procedures of chest X-rays or CT exam. The key terms used in the search of several databases were: “lung ultrasound”, “sonography”, “newborn”, “neonate”, and “COVID-19′. Results: In total, 447 studies were eligible for this review, and after removing the duplicates, 123 studies referring to LU were further examined, but only 7 included cases of neonates. These studies were considered for the present research paper. Conclusions: As a non-invasive, easy-to-use, and reliable method for lung lesion detection in neonates with COVID-19, lung ultrasound can be used as a useful diagnosis tool for the evaluation of COVID-19-associated lung lesions. The benefits of this method in this pandemic period are likely to arouse interest in opening new research horizons, with immediate practical applicability.

Peyronie's disease and the first user experience of Peyroflex®

The article deals with the current issues of the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical course of Peyronie's disease. The diagnostic possibilities of using ultrasound sonography are demonstrated. The international data on known treatment options for Peyronie's disease are reviewed. The author describes his own user experience of the Peyroflex® at an early stage of the disease and gives a preliminary assessment of its effectiveness.

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - An Observational Study from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

BACKGROUND Thyroglossal duct cyst is a developmental cyst that occurs in 7 % of the population. These cysts are most commonly seen in paediatric patients. They occur due to failure of thyroglossal duct to involute and atrophy. Majority of them are found in infrahyoid region. The purpose of this research was to summarise our three years of clinical experience in different features of thyroglossal cysts and their surgical results, with an emphasis on the naked eye extent of a patent thyroglossal duct if present. METHODS This observational study was carried out in the Department of ENT, GVP IHC & MT – Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh for a period of three years from January 2016 to 2019. In our study, twenty patients were enrolled. Patients with cysts were initially diagnosed based on medical history, clinical examination, and ultrasound sonography (USG) reports. RESULTS Patients' clinical and surgical data, including cyst size and position, presence or absence of the thyroglossal duct, and so on, were analysed. The average age was 11 years. The majority (73.5 percent) were under the age of 15. Males accounted for 75 percent of the population, while females accounted for 25 %. Midline neck swelling was found in most of the patients (95 %). Majority (84.5 %) of cysts were located in the sub-hyoid region. Erythema over swelling was seen in 14.5 % of patients. Thyroglossal ducts were found to be patent at various lengths and areas. Majority of patients (75 %) had tract that began from cyst and ended at superior border of hyoid body while two patients (10 %) had patent thyroglossal duct from the cyst to the vallecular mucosa. Majority (70 %) cysts had size between 1.6 cm and 3 cm. Intraoperatively 15 % of cyst got ruptured. Most of them were present with visible midline neck swelling. None of the cysts had malignant characteristics in our study. CONCLUSIONS In most cases, a patent duct just disappeared at the superior border of body of hyoid. Complete patent thyroglossal duct from cyst to tongue musculature was rare. None of the cysts had malignant characteristics in our study. KEYWORDS Thyroglossal Cyst, Neck Swelling, Thyroglossal Duct

Correction of age-related skin changes on face by the method of exposure to high-frequency currents of the radio wave range and autologous platelet-rich plasma: randomized study

BACKGROUND: In the literature, there are no scientifically based studies on the use of combination therapy using radio wave lifting and autologous platelet-rich plasma for the correction of involutional changes in the skin of the lower third of the face. AIMS: To determine the effect of complex therapy of involutional changes in the skin of the lower third of the face with minimally invasive radio wave lifting using a cannula electrode and platelet-rich autoplasma using non-invasive diagnostic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Examination and treatment of 55 healthy women of Slavic appearance with involutional changes in the skin of the lower third of the face were carried out. Group № 1 patients received radio wave lifting therapy (n=28) and group № 2 patients received combined therapy with radio wave lifting and autologous platelet-rich plasma (n=27). The study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020. To assess the condition of the skin, laser Doppler flowmetry, ultrasound sonography, and elastometry were used before and after the study. Clinical manifestations were assessed by an anthropometric method. RESULTS: The most pronounced changes were observed in the group where the combined method of radio wave lifting therapy with autologous platelet-rich plasma was used. The change in microcirculation was of a multidirectional nature, however, the average values were in the range of 8.8668.89 pf units, which is the normalization of trophic processes in tissues (p 0.05). When analyzing the conduct of ultrasound sonography, statistically significant thickening of the epidermis and dermis was noted, however, in patients of the second group, the thickening was more pronounced (p 0.0005). The change in the echogenicity of the dermis was of a multidirectional nature; by the end of treatment, the mean values were in the range of 10.511.3 units, which, apparently, indicates a more homogeneous structure of the dermis (p 0.05). Anthropometric indices (measurement of ptosis of the lower cheeks) decreased in both groups, which is related to skin lifting as a result of treatment (p 0.0005). The amplitude of tissue upward mobility decreased in both groups (p 0.0005). The amplitude of downward movement of tissues after therapy was of a multidirectional nature in both groups, which is possibly associated with the density of the dermis and indicates the normalization of collagen and elastin fibers (p 0.05). Elastometry indices (F0, R4, R6, R8) decreased, R2 increased in both groups, however, the dynamics was more pronounced in the second group (p 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive radio wave lifting in combination using a channel electrode with autologous platelet-rich plasma is an effective and safe method of treating age-related changes in the skin of the lower third of the face.

Rhombencephalosynapsis, The Famous Unknown: Own Experience and Literature Review of Prenatal Diagnosis with Sonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a rare cerebellar malformation characterized by congenital fusion of the hemispheres and absence of the vermis. This condition is associated with developmental delay, seizures and involuntary head movements. Although the clinical and imaging aspect of this condition have been thoroughly investigated in the adult, prenatal diagnosis remains still a challenge in the modern Fetal-Maternal Medicine. Here we report our experience with 3 cases and review the current literature as well, focusing specifically on the obstetric imaging as well as on the prenatal diagnosis and management of this rare condition. RES should be considered in the differential diagnosis when absence of the vermis in the Posterior Fossa (PF) is suspected at prenatal Ultrasound Sonography (US), especially when ventriculomegaly or other Central Nervous System (CNS) anomalies are detected. A complete anatomical workup is necessary in these cases. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains to be the imaging modality of choice in confirming the diagnosis.

Infected Bartholin Cyst - Ultrasonography Doppler, Magnetic Resonance Evaluation

Bartholin gland cyst is the most common vulval cyst that arises from the dilated duct resulting from the obstruction of its opening. Most cysts are asymptomatic, but if not treated adequately and remain obstructed, they get infected and can result in Bartholin gland abscess. Abscess is usually present in the women of reproductive age. Patients commonly present with fever and painful progressive swelling of labia. Imaging modalities are used to diagnose the disease and it also aids to understand its extension in the complex pelvic floor region. The vulvar region is a host of various benign and malignant lesions. Vulva is a collective term for several anatomical structures: Mons pubis, labia majora and minora, vestibule, Bartholin gland and clitoris. Most common vulva cysts are the Bartholin gland cysts. In majority of the cases, these cysts are asymptomatic or are incidentally found on imaging studies. If these cysts are not properly treated, they can get infected and cause complication such as Bartholin gland abscess. 2 % of women during their lifetime develop Bartholin gland abscess or cysts.1 Pain is one of the most common indicators of infection in Bartholin cyst. Bartholin abscess starts with progressive swelling of labia majora later accompanied by fever and painful swelling of affected vulva side.2 Imaging modalities such an ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging aid in the diagnosis and extension of the lesion. We present a case of 55-year perimenopausal female of Bartholin gland abscesses diagnosed using imaging modalities such as ultrasound sonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Endometrium in a 19-Year-Old Girl: Case Report and a Literature Review

Mullerian adenosarcoma of the endometrium in adolescent girls is extremely rare, with only fifteen cases under 20 years old having been reported to date. We describe here a new case of adolescent Mullerian adenosarcoma and provide an updated review of the previous literature on such rare tumors. Our 19-year-old case presented with a six-month history of prolonged menstruation. She had not yet had any sexual relationship. On gross examination, a fragile mass was seen in her vagina that bled easily. A 4.0×2.0 cm mass was visualized with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The tumor seemed to slightly invade the myometrium of the uterine corpus. Transvaginal ultrasound sonography confirmed the presence of a 4.0 cm mass located in the cervix and vagina. The tumor biopsy was diagnosed as a Mullerian adenosarcoma of the endometrium. We performed a Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) and Bilateral Salpingectomy (BS). The post-surgical specimen was diagnosed as a pT1aNXM0 Mullerian adenosarcoma of the endometrium. The patient did not require adjuvant chemotherapy. She has been monitored every 3 months and has been without recurrence now for 28 months.

Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Endometrium in a 19-Year-Old Girl: Case Report and a Literature Review

Mullerian adenosarcoma of the endometrium in adolescent girls is extremely rare, with only fifteen cases under 20 years old having been reported to date. We describe here a new case of adolescent Mullerian adenosarcoma and provide an updated review of the previous literature on such rare tumors. Our 19-year-old case presented with a six-month history of prolonged menstruation. She had not yet had any sexual relationship. On gross examination, a fragile mass was seen in her vagina that bled easily. A 4.0×2.0 cm mass was visualized with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The tumor seemed to slightly invade the myometrium of the uterine corpus. Transvaginal ultrasound sonography confirmed the presence of a 4.0 cm mass located in the cervix and vagina. The tumor biopsy was diagnosed as a Mullerian adenosarcoma of the endometrium. We performed a Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) and Bilateral Salpingectomy (BS). The post-surgical specimen was diagnosed as a pT1aNXM0 Mullerian adenosarcoma of the endometrium. The patient did not require adjuvant chemotherapy. She has been monitored every 3 months and has been without recurrence now for 28 months.