Reconstruction of the Settlement Levoberezhnoe Plan of the Bronze Age (South Ural, Russia)

In the Southern Urals in 2015–2019 research was conducted on the fortified settlement of the Bronze Age Levoberezhnoe (Sintashta II). An asphalt road was drawn through the settlement, during the construction of which about a third of the monument’s area was destroyed. Excavations of the monument have been carried out since 2015. It has been established that the settlement is multi-layered; it functioned in the Late Bronze Age from the turn of the 3rd–2nd millennium BC until the last quarter of the second millennium BC. Detailed magnetic and topographic surveys were performed on the territory that remaining survived the construction of the road. The location of the external moat was reliably determined by linear positive magnetic anomalies. The base of the outer wall of the settlement had a thickness of about 4 m, the width of the outer moat was 2–2.5 m. It was also possible to accurately localize a number of walls of buildings. The settlement had a rectangular shape, inside there were 26 dwellings. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the data and aerial photographs of the last century, the layout of the entire settlement was reconstructed.

Analisa Karakteristik Getaran Pada Mesin Asphalt Mixing Plant Tipe Apollo ANP- 1500 Berdasarkan Kapasitas Pembuatan Aspal Jalan Pada Daerah Horizontal, Vertikal Dan Longitudinal Berdasarkan Time Domain

Asphalt mixing plant machine is a tool used to process several materials into road asphalt, where it is necessary to know how to analyze the vibration characteristics of the asphalt mixing plant machine based on the capacity of making asphalt road in horizontal, vertical and longitudinal areas based on the time domain. The research method is carried out by collecting data on the amount of deviation, speed and acceleration that arise due to the processing of several materials so as to produce road asphalt based on differences in the capacity of different asphalt processed. Based on the measurement results, it is found that the highest vibration occurs at the asphalt mixing plant machine seat for a capacity of 60 tons/hour where the magnitude of the deviation is 0.222 mm in the horizontal direction at 100 seconds, the largest velocity is 11.99 mm/s horizontally in the second 40 mm/s and the largest acceleration is 369.7 mm/s2 in the horizontal direction of the 20th second. According to the ISO IS 2372 standard, the vibration of the Apollo ANP-1500 asphalt mixing plant machine enters class IV with a generator capacity above 75 KW, to be more precise (150KVA = 120KW). Then it can be analyzed that the generator vibration falls into the category of "vibration within tolerance limits and is only operated for a limited time" where the highest speed is 11.99 mm/s.

Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) investigation for road failure along Mekelle – Abi-Adi road segment, northern Ethiopia

Roads constructed along the mountainous terrains of Ethiopia are susceptible to landslides mostly during rainy season. Mekelle – Abi Adi road is one of the economically important road corridors that connects many towns with Mekelle city. However, the asphalt road segment is heavily affected by quasi-translational type of landslide which hinders traffic flow of the area. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) method was applied to investigate subsurface geology of the road failure along Mekelle – Abi-Adi asphalt road, northern Ethiopia. The geo-electric section result revealed that the shallow subsurface geology of the site is characterized by four distinct geological formations, from top to bottom are: shale, shale-limestone intercalation, limestone and shale-gypsum units. The subgrade of the failed road section is shale unit which is overlain by jointed sandstone unit. The sandstone unit serves as a recharge zone to the bottom shale layer by percolating water via sub-base fill materials which in turn blocks vertical percolation and promote seepage force to the overlying soil mass. Hence, the road failure in the study area seems to be caused due to the development of pore water pressure in the shale layer which soaked water during heavy rainfall. The recommended remedial method for the road failure is re-designing of the affected route from chainage 48 km+850 m to 49 km+250 m towards the northwest of the study area and excavates the top 6 m shale unit.

Comparison of Concrete and Asphalt in Road Construction - Which is Better?

This Roads plays an important role in economic development and growth, as well as providing significant social benefits. They are critical to a country's growth and development. Furthermore, a road network is critical in the fight against poverty because it provides access to employment, social, health, and education services. Roads connect more people and places, promoting economic and social growth. As a result, road infrastructure is the most valuable of all public properties. Type of roads are being considered when constructing it, whether it is concrete reinforced or asphalt. Different factors are being considered in order to build an economical yet durable highways. This study is focused on comparing two types of roads and which one is best to use in terms of durability, life longevity, maintenance, cost and effect in environment; concrete or asphalt road. This study aims to help the government reduce cost but provide a durable, economical and environmentally friendly road to users.

Analysis and Optimization of Low-Speed Road Noise in Electric Vehicles

When a certain electric vehicle is driving at a constant speed of 40 km/h on the rough asphalt road, the rear passenger can obviously feel the ear pressure, which seriously affects the comfort. Through the analysis of objective data, it was found that the problem was caused by the road excitation, which leads to the coupling between the mode of the backup door and the mode of the acoustic cavity, and causes the resonance of the car cavity, thus causing the ear pressure sensation. To solve this problem, this paper optimizes the backup door by means of experiment and simulation, increases the dynamic vibration absorber, makes its modal frequency avoid the acoustic cavity modal frequency, and achieves the purpose of reducing the interior noise. After optimization, the vehicle noise is reduced by 8 dBA at 42 Hz under 40 km/h working condition of rough road surface, and the ear pressure sensation is reduced at the same time, thus improving the NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) performance of the vehicle.