Humana Medicina

This paper focuses on the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the concentrated effort to shift away from the teachings of the Catholic Church and towards a rational science rooted in scholastic thought which did not rely on Divine causes and cures for illness. By looking at the growth of the medical programs in Paris and Salerno, northern versus southern trends and attitudes, and the deep influence of not only Christian rituals, but also pagan popular culture, this essay aims to explore the exact nature of the relationship between religion and medicine, and the mediating role that superstition played between them.

The System of Physics

Chapter 10 considers the structure of Proclus’ rarely discussed Elements of Physics and its original contribution to the understanding of physics in antiquity. It is argued that the purpose of the treatise is not only a systematic arrangement of the arguments scattered throughout Aristotle’s works on natural philosophy, using the structure of Euclid’s Elements as a model. Proclus also aims to develop a universal theory of motion or physical change that establishes the first principles as definitions, formulates and demonstrates a number of mutually related propositions about natural objects, and culminates in establishing the existence and properties of the prime mover. Unlike modern physics, which presupposes the applicability of mathematics to physics, Proclus shows that the study of natural phenomena in the more geometrico way can be a systematic rational science arranged by means of logic rather than mathematics.

Democracy and Justice in Mathematics and Science Curriculum

How mathematics and science curricula connect to democracy and justice is understood through the examination of different perspectives of mathematics and science education as political. Although frequently conceived of as neutral, these school subjects have been central in recent modern education for governing the making of rational, science-minded citizens who are necessary for social, political, and economic progress. Three main perspectives are identified in the existing research literature. A perspective of empowerment highlights the power that people can acquire by learning and using mathematics and science. A perspective of disadvantage focuses on how the pedagogies of mathematics and science intersect with categories such as ability, gender, class, ethnicity, and race to generate and reproduce marginalization. A perspective of subjectivation examines the effects of mathematics and science curricula within the context of historical and cultural processes for the making of desired modern, rational, and techno-scientific types of citizens, thus creating categories of inclusion and exclusion. All together, these perspectives point to the ways in which mathematics and science, as privileged forms of knowing in contemporary school curricula, simultaneously operate to include or exclude different types of students.

Converging Precincts: Sociology and Sherlock Holmes

The article using literary texts attempts to draw similarities in the trajectories of emergences and concerns of the 19th-century sociology and crime/detection fiction represented in particular by Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes. It attempts to contextualise the conditions of emergences, common intellectual moorings and their negotiations with similar themes in the domain of modern rational science discourse and tenet, where everything was to be open to query and testing. The article proposes that the shared intellectual inspirations in science and reason, the engagements with positivism-empiricism and redressal of the disorder and anxiety that European society experienced at the time show that there are multi-level connections between the detective stories and science of society.

Potential Integration of Naqli and Aqli Knowledge in Counseling by Understanding the Concept of Wellness

Counseling is a profession that is concerned with all aspects of development for the individual client and this is synonymous with the philosophy of wellness. Even though the wellness emphasis is not well understood and is not systematically taught or applied due to ongoing debates among Western scholars about this concept and despite confusion with the usage of various terms to refer to wellness, the concept of wellness has the potential to be integrated with the naqli and aqli knowledge in counseling. In Islam, this concept has long been discussed. It is hoped that by comparing the Islamic concept of welness to the Western perspective would help increase the understanding of this concept and highlight its application in counseling as an example of the integration of revealed knowledge and rational science. This paper will discuss briefly the concept of wellness from the perspective of Islam and the West, as well as looking at some common grounds and differences between the two views. Both views agree that wellness is a lifelong process that is holistic, comprising of multiple dimensions. However, the Islamic view of this concept is broader and complements the existing view on wellness. The implication of this study to the field of counseling includes refocusing counseling to the developmental aspect of an individual that comprised of not only remediation but also prevention.

Tracking the Traces of God in Science: Islamic Tafsir on Science

To Muslims, the Qur’an should serve as the model of thinking. It is a model which should become the paradigm. The advancement of science based on the paradigm of the Qur’an will obviously enrich science. This paradigm will subsequently trigger the emergence of alternative science. We understand that normative premises of the Qur’an can be formulated into empirical and rational theories. The transcendental structure of the Qur’an is an idea which is normative and philosophical in nature, and it can be formulated into a theoretical paradigm, and provide a framework for the development of empirical and rational science, based on the pragmatic needs of humans as the vicegerent on earth. Kuntowijoyo (2006) argued that the development of theories of Islamic science is intended for the welfare of the Muslims.

Making Sense of Collaborative Practices: Practice as a Social and Scientific Phenomenon

Workshop Description (objectives, methods, results, conclusions): The concept of “practice” has received little attention in healthcare literature. This is an important oversight as practitioners tend to equate the dominant scientific discourse with practice. This covers over the social nature of individual and team-based practices. Social theorists argue that human nature is ‘helplessly’ social and interdependent. This failure to recognize the social construction of knowledge and knowing influences our ability to engage in collaborative practice and provide whole person care. We cannot see where “hidden practices” (the practice equivalent to 'hidden curriculum') influence what we can see and what remains hidden, what we can say and what we must keep silent about, or which actions are encouraged and which are constrained. We will explore the paradox of the co-existence of rational science and social constructionist views of knowledge and knowing and propose that practices are complex, responsive, processes of relating that are informed by, and in turn, challenge and further inform science. Using a mix of presentation, personal reflection, and case studies in small groups, this 90 minute workshop we will explore the social nature of practice, the theory/practice (science/experience) paradox, and consider how this “two-eyed” understanding could facilitate the provision of whole person care.Specific Objectives: Participants will be able to:1. Define collaborative practice2. Elaborate and understand their own experience of collaborative practice3. Differentiate between social and scientific paradigms and explain the differences and implications4. Explain the concept and implications of the practices of particular communities and of first- and second-order breakdowns5. Understand the nature of collaboration and distinguish it from included and related concepts of communication, coordination, cooperation, and co-location6. Articulate personal definitions of and strategies for and identify personal commitments to collaborative practice related to whole person care.

Survey & Quantitative Design Strategies on Hospital Accessible Signs

Hospital accessible signs are important guide for the elderly, disabled or ordinary people. According to the theories of environmental behavior and sign-system universal design, the types of accessible signs and demand features of all sorts of disable people are analyzed, and the necessity of quantitative design for hospital accessible signs is put forward. With investigation and research on accessible signs of 25 major hospitals in Tianjin city, the existing design problems were found out with the method of comprehensive comparison between subjective perception with instances and standard literatures, thus the quantitative design recommendations on each design element of hospital accessible signs are summarized and obtained, including scale, mounting height, graphics, color, fonts and so on, to provide rational science indicator reference to accessible signs design and the construction of accessible environment.