Testing for Geographic Variation in Survival of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) Populations in Chukotka, Russia and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

Information on variation in survival among geographically distinct breeding populations can produce valuable insights about the population dynamics of a species. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta sub-population of Spectacled Eiders in Alaska decreased precipitously between the 1950s and 1990s. Causes for this decline are unknown but may be attributed to low female survival due to predation and lead exposure on the breeding grounds. From 2014 to 2015, we compared annual survival probabilities of Spectacled Eiders on Kigigak Island in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and Ayopechan Island in the Chaun Delta, Chukotka, where similar field protocols were implemented. A Cormack-Jolly-Seber maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate apparent survival (φ) and recapture probability (p) from mark-resight data. We tested a) whether Russian and Alaskan sub-populations differed in their survival rates, b) whether survival varied annually, and c) whether survival followed an increasing or decreasing trend over time at either site. We found no evidence for differing survival between the two breeding areas when mean survival across years was compared, and we did not find strong evidence for a linear trend in survival over time at either site. Furthermore, our data supported models with annually varying survival at Kigigak Island and constant survival at Ayopechan Island. Sample size constraints precluded estimates of annual survival at Ayopechan Island. Our finding of no difference in mean survival between sites lends support to the idea that survival may be a function of conditions on the wintering grounds.

A Structural Discourse Analysis of the Advertisement of “Job Seekers” in the Batam Post Daily

In recent days the advertisement is a most effective way to sell or to market new products of the businessmen or producers. Due to the case, advertisement has great role in selling or marketing of the product. The producers use interesting advertisements to introduce their product by using interesting or different language style. This study focuses on the structural discourse of the advertisement used in Batam Pos daily newspaper in Batam island. Sample of the data obtained from job career column in January 2013. The advertisement consist of the opening, the body and the closing of the advertisement. Key Words: Discourse Analysisand Advertisement

A STRUCTURAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE ADVERTSISMENT OF “JOB CAREER “ IN THE BATAM POS DAILY NEWSPAPER

In recent days the advertisement is a most effective way to sell or to market new products of the businessmen or producers. Due to the case, advertisement has great role in selling or marketing of the product. The producers use interesting advertisements to introduce their product by using interesting or different language style. This study focuses on the structural discourse of the advertisement used in Batam Pos daily newspaper in Batam island. Sample of the data obtained from job career column in January 2013. The advertisement consist of the opening, the body and the closing of the advertisement.

Geographic variation in the advertisement call of Crinia signifera (Anura:Myobatrachidae) on Kangaroo Island and across southern south-eastern Australia

The male advertisement call of anuran amphibians has a major role in mate choice, and regional variation in this attribute can act as an indicator of speciation and a marker for genetic differentiation. As part of a regional study of geographic variation in the male advertisement call of Crinia signifera across south-eastern Australia and adjacent larger continental islands, samples of advertisement calls from two populations on Kangaroo Island and two populations on the adjacent Fleurieu Peninsula were compared. Four call attributes were considered: pulse number, call duration, pulse rate and dominant frequency. Pulse number is considered the most reliable for comparative purposes because it is not influenced by effective temperature or audio recording and analysis. The two island populations (central and eastern, ~24 km apart) differ significantly in pulse number, with contact but no overlap of interquartile ranges. The eastern sample differs markedly from those on the nearby Fleurieu Peninsula – which are both similar to the more distant central island sample. Geographic variation in pulse number in these four samples and 11 others from two recent publications is then interpreted in the light of land bridges and lower temperatures of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene.

Reappraising the Legacy of Colonialism: The Value of an Island Sample A Response to Bertram

In this brief article, we respond to Geoff Bertram’s overview of the current state of research into the legacy of colonial institutions. We make the general case for islands as a useful unit of observation in thinking about cross country income differences. The nature of island exploration and settlement provides a unique natural experiment that is not available in a mainland sample of countries. However, we feel that the results provide useful insights to the general literature about the relationship between colonialism and income. We also respond to Bertram’s criticisms of our data and sample selection. In many cases, problems he identifies have been addressed in the most recent version of our work.

A statistical approach to the geomorphology of the Outer Hebrides

SynopsisThe results of measurements of contour areas at 1:63,360 scale allow a quantitative elaboration of the geomorphoiogical regions identified by Professor Alain Godard. Appropriate graphical techniques clearly indicate the sharp altitudinal breaks between the elements of these regions and show how they vary from island to island. Sample slope measurements are compared with clinographic estimates from the contour areas and suggestions made about relative rates of erosive processes in the different regions. It is hoped that some light is thrown on the relative importance of rock type, differential uplift and of Tertiary and glacial processes in the geomorphoiogical differentiation of the area.