Identification of Mean Years of Schooling as a Control for RPJMD: A Spatial Autocorrelation Approach

This article will identify the mean years of schooling in East Java as a control for achieving RPJMD. Inequality in the development of education leads to inequalities between the regions of East Java. This is due to the different regional characteristics, it is, therefore, necessary to respond to it by carrying out a regional mapping based on the education indicators listed in the RPJMD of each region using a statistical analysis approach, namely spatial autocorrelation. The variable that becomes the indicator in this study is the Mean Years of Schooling (MYS), the unit of observation being the regencies/cities of East Java. The results of the research that has been conducted can be concluded that the mean years of schooling for the population of East Java Province is seven years where urban areas have a better average length of schooling than in districts, and there are only nine areas in East Java that have MYS exceeding the RPJMD target. In the Global Moran's I test, there is a positive autocorrelation or cluster pattern that exhibits similar characteristics in adjacent locations, and the results of the local Morans’ show that there are nine regions that have spatial relationships with their most significant areas relatives based on the MYS indicator. These areas are Bondowoso Regency, Bangkalan Regency, Pamekasan Regency, Gresik Regency, Jember Regency, Probolinggo Regency, Sampang Regency, Sidoarjo Regency and Surabaya City

Managing Knowledge sebagai Sumber Daya untuk Kinerja Berkelanjutan melalui Innovation Capability di Masa Pandemic

The ability to diversify the business for cooperatives according to the needs of members is a challenge. The goals of this research is to analyze knowledge management, innovation capability as a resource to build cooperative performance. The research method uses a quantitative approach to test the research hypothesis with data obtained through a survey of 230 cooperatives in Jakarta. The unit of observation is the employees and the members of the cooperative. Data analysis using SEM (structuration equation modeling). The results of the study confirm the importance of knowledge management and innovation capability to build performance. Transfer of knowledge to encourage innovation capability as one of the keys in knowledge management that leads cooperatives to sustainable performance. The theoretical implication is the development of the concept of a knowledge-sharing culture in a knowledge management system to realize performance. For cooperative managers, it is the development of knowledge management as a sustainable system and a culture of sharing to build superior cooperative performance. The research contribution is the development of the concept of knowledge as a resource to build performance excellence based on a sustainable perspective (RBV).

Protestant Church of Maluku Ecclesiology: From Calvinism to Fuse to Become Pancasilaism

This article aims to explore the concept of ecclesiology of the Calvinist-based Protestant Church of Maluku, which fused into Pancasilaism with a contextual approach. This is based on the identity of Maluku and the awareness of being Indonesian ingrained in the life of the Maluku Protestant Church, and this becomes very anomalous if the characteristics and dynamics of life of the unit of observation that are later discovered and displayed are actually westernized. The results of this article are first, to encourage writing down that imagination, which is still in the form of tacit knowledge, as explicit knowledge in books; second, to make theological beliefs the basis for developing imagination; third, to sew sociological facts together with theological premises in one narrative..

PERSEPSI KEHARMONISAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN KENAKALAN REMAJA DI DESA TANJUNG RAMAN KECAMATAN PENDOPO KABUPATEN EMPAT LAWANG

The study with the title: Perceptions of Family Harmony Against Juvenile Delinquency Tendencies in Tanjung Raman Village, Pendopo District, Empat Lawang Regency. Social problems that are categorized as deviant behavior include juvenile delinquency. To find out about the background of juvenile delinquency, it can be done through two approaches, namely an individual approach and a systems approach. In the individual approach, the individual is the unit of observation as well as the source of the problem. For the systems approach, the individual is the unit of observation while the system is the source of the problem. Based on the research conducted, it was found that there was a negative relationship between juvenile delinquency and family functioning. This means that the increasing social functioning of a family in carrying out life's tasks, roles and functions, the lower the children's level of delinquency or the lower the quality of the delinquency. In addition, the use of free time that is not directed is a very dominant cause for adolescents to perform deviant behavior.

Pengaruh Celebrity Endorser, Kualitas Pesan Iklan, Kreativitas Iklan terhadap Efektivitas Iklan Gojek Cerdikiawan

Speaking of Ads, of course, the power of measuring the effectiveness of these ads varies - and to achieve the effectiveness of advertising in order to succeed in attracting people to use the advertised goods / services. In achieving the effectiveness of advertising itself there are many ways to use such as Celebrity Endorser to attract attention of the audience so the ad will be noticed. There are also those who use advertising messages to be able to listen to the audience to hear interesting advertising messages and advertising creativity is also one way to make these advertisements displayed and become the talk of many people.This research itself aims to find out from the 3 ways above, can an effective advert be available? Or just the opposite. This research itself uses quantitative techniques with survey methods and uses a Gojek advertisement titled Gojek Cerdikiawan as a unit of observation. Primary data is collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 more respondents with age 18-37 years old who know and of course watching Gojek Cerdikiawan ads and domiciled in DKI Jakarta. The results showed that the most effective influences are advertising creativity and celebrity endorsers.Iklan memiliki daya ukur efektivitas iklan yang bermacam – macam. Iklan berhasil jika orang menggunakan barang/ jasa yang diiklankan tersebut. Dalam mencapai efektivitas iklan sendiri ada banyak sekali cara dengan menggunakan seperti Celebrity Endorser untuk menarik perhatian khalayak agar iklan tersebut bisa diperhatikan. Ada juga yang menggunakan pesan iklan agar bisa menarik khalayak mendengar pesan iklan yang menarik dan kreativitas iklan juga menjadi salah satu cara untuk membuat iklan tersebut dipertontonkan dan menjadi perbincangan orang banyak. Penelitian ini sendiri bertujuan untuk mengetahui tiga cara di atas apakah bisa membuat iklan yang ada efektif? Atau justru sebaliknya.Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik kuantitatif dengan metode survei dan menggunakan iklan Gojek yang berjudul Gojek Cerdikiawan sebagai unit obeservasi. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menyebar kuesioner yang kepada 100 orang yang berusia 18-37 tahun dan yang tentu saja menonton iklan Gojek Cerdikiawan dan berdomosili di DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang paling efektif adalah kreatifitas iklan dan celebrity endorser sendiri.

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies

This chapter focuses on cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. cross-sectional studies involve the analysis of usually quantitative data collected at a single snapshot in time. The unit of observation might be people or countries, and those are measured only once, all at approximately the same time. In contrast, longitudinal studies (also referred to as repeated measures studies) involve analysis on multiple occasions over time, where the same individuals (or countries) — the panel — are measured on each occasion. As such, the unit of observation is occasions, and there are multiple occasions/measures of each individual. A subcategory of longitudinal studies is event-history/survival/duration analysis, where the dependent variable is binary and the focus is on causes of changes between the two states of the outcome. Note that in comparison, time series analysis typically involves fewer individuals (often only one) and a larger number of time points. A third type of study, situated in between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, is repeated cross-sectional analysis, which involves the analysis of multiple cross-sectional data sets over time, and different individuals are measured in each wave of the survey. Here, the unit of observation is individuals, and there are multiple individuals measured in each survey wave.

Unit of Analysis and Observation

This chapter addresses the unit of analysis and observation. Each empirical social or behavioural science study typically includes the identification of one or more units of analysis. The unit is the entity, element, or grouping that constitutes the focus of the study’s analyses, and multiple cases of this unit are analysed. The unit of analysis is of primary importance, as this is the unit that is referred to in hypotheses or research questions and therefore the unit that is the focus of data analyses that address these hypotheses or research questions. However, there are two other types of units that need to be considered. In sum, the three types of units in any empirical study are the unit of sampling, the unit of observation or measurement (sometimes called the unit of inquiry or unit of data collection), and the unit of analysis.

Peranan Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Kabupaten Lombok Barat

This study aims to determine the role of local taxes and levies on local revenue (PAD) in West Lombok Regency. This type of research is descriptive with a caulitative approach. The unit of observation is the regional taxes and levies of West Lombok Regency. Analysis and interpretation of data by means of data reduction, data verification, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that in general the effectiveness of West Lombok Regency in collecting local taxes and levies to increase local revenue (PAD) for the last five years is quite effective where in 2015-2019 the highest regional taxes occurred in 2016 with a percentage of 88.89% , while the highest regional retribution occurred in 2015 with a percentage of 100.43%. Local taxes and levies in West Lombok Regency are very important because they are used to build facilities and infrastructure for the benefit of the community, for example the construction of hospitals, other forms of community service, besides physical development / locality, business development, employment opportunities and community economic development.

Effect of Competence, Independence, Time Pressure and Professionalism on Audit Quality (Inspeção Geral Do Estado in Timor Leste)

This study aims to analyze and explain: (1) competence has a positive effect on audit quality at the Inspeção Geral do Estado in Timor Leste; (2) independence has a positive effect on audit quality at the Inspeção Geral do Estado in Timor Leste; (3) time pressure negatively affects audit quality at the Inspeção Geral do Estado in Timor Leste; (4) professionalism has a positive effect on audit quality at the Inspeção Geral do Estado in Timor Leste. The population in this study was 30 internal auditors at the Inspeção Geral do Estado in Timor Leste, so the whole sample was taken. Thus the use of the entire population without having to draw the research sample as a unit of observation is called a census technique. The findings of this study are that competence has a positive effect on audit quality, indicating that the better the competence of the auditor, the higher the quality of the audit in an institution, or the lower the competence of auditors, the lower the probability of auditor quality in that institution, the independence has a positive effect on audit quality. The high independence of the auditor, such as a mental attitude that is free from influence, not controlled by other parties, it will improve audit quality in government agencies, time pressure has no significant negative effect on audit quality, indicating that the less time given to the auditor, the lower the audit quality, professionalism has no effect on audit quality, indicating that the better professionalism the auditor has, the lower the resulting audit quality.

Understanding COVID-19 Dispersion in the Filipino Sociocultural Context

This study aims to discover the sociocultural factors affecting the disease dispersion pattern of the COVID-19 in the Philippines. This is an ecological study where the unit of observation is the cases of COVID-19 in the country. The cases compared was defined in various ways to create an explanation of the dispersion pattern of COVID-19 in the country. Data was taken from the official reports of the Philippine Department of Health as of March 13, 2020, on the 52 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the country. Data gathered from the reports were age, sex, existing diseases, acquisition (local or international), proximity to carrier and health status. Results revealed that older male Filipinos are at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 with prognosis defined by certain culturally-related diseases. The dispersion of the disease in the country is further compounded by the sociocultural context the Filipinos are in.