Low On-Resistance SOI-LDMOS With Mobility-Enhancing Auxiliary Cell

Grateloupia tenuisWang et Luan sp. nov. is a new species described from Lingshui, Hainan Province, South China Sea. Based on the external form and internal structure, combined withrbcL gene sequence analysis,Grateloupia tenuisis distinct from otherGrateloupiaspecies as follows: (1) thalli is slippery and cartilaginous in texture; possess fewer branches, relatively slight main axes, and two or three dichotomous branches; (2) cortex is 5-6 layers; medulla is solid when young, but hollow in old branches; reproductive structures are dispersed in main axes of thalli and lower portions of branchlets; exhibitsGrateloupia-type auxiliary cell ampullae; (3) the four studiedG. tenuissequences were positioned in a largeGrateloupiaclade of Halymeniaceae, which included sister group generitypeG. filicinawith 68 bp differences;G. tenuiswas determined to be a sister taxon to theG. catenata,G. ramosissima,G. orientalis, andG. filiformissubclade. The pairwise distances betweenG. tenuisand these species were 39 to 50 bp. The sequences ofG. tenuisdiffered by 81–108 bp from the sequences of other samples inGrateloupia; there are 114–133 bp changes betweenG. tenuisand other genera of Halymeniaceae. In final analysis, we consideredGrateloupia tenuisWang et Luan sp. nov. to be a new species of genusGrateloupia.

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Role of interleukin-6 in the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell lines OCI-My 1 to 7 established from patients with advanced stage of the disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v78.8.1996.1996 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 1996-2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

JK Hitzler ◽

H Martinez-Valdez ◽

DB Bergsagel ◽

MD Minden ◽

HA Messner

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Myeloma Cell ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Thymidine Uptake ◽

Auxiliary Cell

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells purified to a high degree from human bone marrow. IL-6 production in multiple myeloma has been attributed to cells belonging to the myeloma clone, thus supporting a mechanism of autostimulation. In addition, it has been shown that IL-6 may be produced by auxiliary cell populations of the bone marrow that are not part of the myeloma clone. A definitive separation of both putative sources for IL-6 may be difficult to achieve in fresh patient IL-6 growth requirement and production by pure myeloma cell populations using seven human myeloma cell lines (OCI-My 1 to 7) that were established from patients with advanced disease. The proliferative response of each line to recombinant IL-6 was measured in a clonogenic assay providing human plasma and methylcellulose as a viscous support and by 3H-thymidine uptake in liquid suspension culture. We observed marked heterogeneity, ranging from IL-6-dependent colony formation by OCI-My 4, to IL-6-independent growth. All lines expressed mRNA for the IL-6 receptor. Expression of IL-6 mRNA was analyzed after amplification by polymerase chain reaction and was present in five of seven lines. IL- 6 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the culture supernatants of two lines (OCI-My 3 and 2). Its functional activity was confirmed in a bioassay using the IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma line B 13.29. This activity was neutralized by anti-IL-6 antibody. Two lines did not express mRNA for IL-6. The remaining three lines expressed mRNA for IL-6, but did not secrete IL-6 protein. Immunoprecipitation experiments with lysates of one of these three lines did not detect the presence of IL-6 protein. These results suggest that autocrine stimulation by IL-6 may occur in some cell lines derived from patients with multiple myeloma. However, it does not represent a universal mechanism in myeloma cell growth.

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Étude comparée de la reproduction de Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) Adey & McKibbin et Lithothamnion corallioides (P. & H. Crouan) P. & H. Crouan (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), et reconsidérations sur la définition des genres

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b98-116 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (8) ◽

pp. 1433-1445 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M L Mendoza ◽

J Cabioch

Keyword(s):

Sexual Reproduction ◽

Type Species ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Simple Type ◽

Auxiliary Cell ◽

Carpogonial Branch ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Fusion Cell ◽

Main Components ◽

First Time

The two CorallinalesPhymatolithon calcareum and Lithothamnion corallioides are the main components of European maerl communities. A large majority of the thalli are free-living branches borne on juvenile crusts that are rarely found. A detailed investigation of these juvenile stages has allowed the discovery of their reproductive features. Sexual reproduction of P. calcareum, the type-species of the genus, is described here for the first time and thus gives fundamental data for the generic definition. On the floor of the female conceptacle, a set of carpogonial branches is formed. Each fertilized carpogonium then fuses with the supporting cell of the carpogonial branch, which is also its auxiliary cell. A small fusion cell is thus formed, which produces upwards a small gonimoblast reduced to a short chain of carposporangia. In a mature conceptacle, the surface of the fertile floor thus appears entirely covered with small gonimoblasts. In the male conceptacle, mature spermatangia produced on the floor are typically dendroid; those produced on the walls are of a more simple type. The organization of the asexual conceptacle is briefly reviewed. The reproduction of L. corallioides is also newly described and compared with that previously reported for L. muelleri, the type-species of the genus.Key words: Corallinales, Phymatolithon, Lithothamnion, sexual reproduction, generic definition.

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Monoxenic culture of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Scutellospora calospora and RiTDNA transformed carrot roots

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4431 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 97-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kandula ◽

A. Stewart ◽

H.J. Ridgway

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Cell Formation ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Auxiliary Cell ◽

Root Transformation ◽

Root Contact ◽

Scutellospora Calospora ◽

Mycelial Development

This paper presents the first report of cultivation of Scutellospora calospora with RiTDNA transformed carrot (Daucus carota L) roots Carrot root transformation was done using Agrobacterium rhizogenes Spore germination tests were conducted on 6 water agar and minimal media to assess the time taken for germination Morphological characteristics of extraradical mycelium intraradical mycelium branched absorbing structures and auxiliary cell formation were recorded Auxiliary cell formation started within 35 days of root contact and continued until 2 months There was an extensive thick brown extraradical mycelial development following root infection but spore formation was low (four spores) and was observed only after 8 months Spores were full of oil globules and were produced on MSR medium but not M medium

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Soft-Switching High Gain Step-Up DC/DC Converter without Auxiliary Switches

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.l1155.10812s19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12S) ◽

pp. 633-636

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Power Flow ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Input Voltage ◽

High Gain ◽

Soft Switching ◽

Zero Voltage Switching ◽

Auxiliary Cell ◽

Zero Voltage ◽

Voltage Switching

This manuscript presents a novel high gain, high efficiency Soft-switching high step-up DC/DC converter for battery-operated vehicles. The high step-up converter can transfer the power flow from the small voltage to high voltage. The conventional two input inductor hard switched non-isolated DC-DC converter improved with an additional auxiliary cell to attain the Zero voltage switching, due to obtaining the softswitching the efficiency may improve and reduces the stress across the main switches. The isolated converters are used as a transformer to attain high gain, whereas in the proposed converter obtains the high gain without a transformer and contains the high efficiency in the step-up mode of operation. The main aim of the converter is to attain the Zero voltage switching without using any additional auxiliary switches. In this paper, the input voltage applied as 30V, and the obtained output voltage is fifteen times to the applied voltage, which is 450V and the output power 850W. This paper mainly presents the theoretical analysis of converter operation and the evaluation of the simulation results validated with the theoretical analysis.

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Ultrastructure of the fusion cell in Faucheocolax attenuata Setch. (Rhodophyta, Rhodymeniales)

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.72.1.307 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 307-319

Author(s):

S.G. Delivopoulos ◽

P. Kugrens

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Red Algae ◽

Helical Structure ◽

Cell Types ◽

Floridean Starch ◽

Auxiliary Cell ◽

Shaped Cell ◽

Fusion Cell

The fusion cell in Faucheocolax attenuata Setch. is a highly lobed, thick-walled, multinucleate and irregularly shaped cell originating from the basal cell of the auxiliary cell branch. The formation of the fusion cell occurs by an incorporation of vegetative cells into the basal cell, after dissolution of septal plugs between these cell types. Thus the fusion cell is a syncytium containing only haploid nuclei, as well as unusual mitochondria and plastids. Mitochondria lack cristae and instead contain a tubular helical structure. Plastids are atypical with regard to thylakoid organization in red algae, because they lack the peripheral thylakoid and their photosynthetic thylakoids are aggregated to one side. In addition, they contain large osmiophilic bodies. Nuclear envelopes appear to produce large quantities of membrane cisternae. Floridean starch is absent and the cytoplasm contains few ribosomes. The plasma membrane is irregular and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae are situated parallel to it. Bundles of putative microfilaments were commonly found in nuclei and the cytoplasm. Structural evidence does not support any meristematic, nutritive or secretory functions previously ascribed to fusion cells in other genera.

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Design and Simulation of a New ZVT Bi-directional DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i1.pp75-83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Rajesh Thumma ◽

Veera Venkata Subrahmanya Kumar Bhajana ◽

Pramo kumar Aylapogu

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Power Flow ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Switching Losses ◽

Auxiliary Cell ◽

Bidirectional Converter ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Zero Voltage

<p>This paper presents a new zero voltage transistion (ZVT) bi-directional DC-DCconverter for energy storage system in DC traction. This bidirectional converter can transfers the power flow from low voltage side to high voltage side and viceversa. The conventional hard-switched non-isolated converter improved with the additional auxiliary cell to obtain zero voltage transition for the IGBTs. The main advantages of this topology are reduced the switching losses and improved the efficiency as well.The main aim of this converter is to achieve the operation of zero voltage transition during the commutation of main switches from off to on by utilizing auxiliary cell, which consist active and passive elements.The boost and buck modes of operations are achieved with the zero voltage transistion, which reduce the IGBTs current stresses and switching losses.This paper mainly describes the operation principles and the evaluation of the simulation results with the aid of Matlab simulations.The obtained results were proved the expected assumptions of the theoretical analysis.</p>

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Studies of Marine algae in the lesser-known families of the Gigartinales (Rhodophyta). II. The Dicranemaceae

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9770219 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 219 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

GT Kraft

Keyword(s):

Marine Algae ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Branch System ◽

Auxiliary Cell ◽

Cell Position ◽

The Family ◽

Red Algal ◽

Carpogonial Branch ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Fusion Cell

The red algal family Dicranemaceae (Gigartinales) has been studied with regard to its vegetative and reproductive morphology, The group is composed of two Dicranema species (D. revolutum (C. Ag.) J. Ag. and D. cincinnalis sp, nov.), Peltasta australis J. Ag., Reptataxis rhizophora (Lucas) gen. et comb. nov., and Tylotus obtusatus (Sond.) J . Ag. All except Reptataxis, from Lord Howe I., are endemic to southern Australia. The last three genera are newly added to the family, which is redefined to embrace their early gonimoblast similarities to Dicranema. The species are all multiaxial, zonately tetrasporangiate and monoecious. Dicranema, Peltasta and Reptataxis have broad, cellular cortexes and filamentous medullas, while Tylotus is pseudoparenchymatous throughout. Tetrasporangia are nemathecial in Dieranem, Reptataxis and Tylotus, but scattered in Peltasta. Spermatangia in Dicranema are formed in deeply buried catenate clusters, and are similarly derived but non-catenate in the other genera. The species are all monocarpogonial, and only Tylotus is procarpic. In none of the genera are sterile cells associated with carpogonial branches. In Tylotus the supporting cell of the carpogonial branch fuses with the presumably fertilized carpogonium and becomes the diploidized auxiliary cell. In Dicranema, Peltasta and Reptataxis, 2- or 3-celled carpogonial branches are directed to the thallus surface and presumably fertilized carpogonia fuse with an auxiliary cell not necessarily on the same cortical branch system as the supporting cell. Diploidized auxiliary cells in all four genera form small, irregular fusion cells and emit multiple, filamentous gonimoblasts. Gonimoblast growth is mostly thallus-inward in Dicranema, initially radial in Peltasta and Reptataxis, and lateral and outward in Tylotus and advanced stages of Peltasta and Reptataxis. In Dicranema, Peltasta and Reptataxis an extensive placenta of mixed and connected gonimoblast and vegetative cells forms between the fusion cell and the peripheral carpospore-producing layers. In Tylotus vegetative/gonimoblast cell connections occur mainly at the floor of the cystocarp. Carposporangia develop singly on elongate penultimate gonimoblasts in Dicranema and Tylotus, but form chains in Peltasta and Reptataxis. Cystocarps in all the genera are surrounded by thick ostiolate pericarps. The genera of the Dicranemaceae are distinct from one another on frond and holdfast habits, vegetative structure, carpogonial branch shape, auxiliary cell position, gonimoblast orientation, carposporangial size, and mature cystocarp location and cross section. None of the four genera seem obviously derived from or particularly closely related to any others outside the family, although both Peltasta and Reptataxis show some features susesting possible links to the Sarcodiaceae.

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A Full Soft-Switching ZVZCS Flyback Converter Using an Active Auxiliary Cell

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics ◽

10.1109/tie.2016.2615601 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 1123-1129 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Hadi Tarzamni ◽

Ebrahim Babaei ◽

Amirreza Zarrin Gharehkoushan

Keyword(s):

Soft Switching ◽

Flyback Converter ◽

Auxiliary Cell

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