Factors Affecting Adenoma Risk Level in Patients with Intestinal Polyp and Association Analysis

Objective. To explore the factors affecting the adenoma risk level in patients with intestinal polyp and association. Methods. The clinical data of 3,911 patients with intestinal polyp treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, all patients accepted the histopathological examination, their risk of suffering from adenoma was evaluated according to the results of pathological diagnosis, and relevant hazard factors affecting adenoma risk level in them were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression analysis. Results. The results of multifactor logistic analysis showed that male gender, age ≥60 years, number of polyps >3, diameter ≥2 cm, onset at colon, and physiologically tubulovillous adenoma were the hazard factors causing high-grade adenoma risk in patients with intestinal polyp. Conclusion. There are many risk factors causing high-grade adenoma in patients with intestinal polyp, and therefore, the screening for high-risk population shall be enhanced to reduce the potential of carcinomatous change in such patients.

Intussusception in adults: the case report of a rare cause of intestinal obstruction

Intussusception of the bowel is defined as the telescoping of a proximal segment of the bowel within the lumen of an adjacent segment. This condition is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in children below two years of age. It is considered a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the adult. It accounts for 5% of all cases of intussusception and 1-2% of all cases of intestinal obstructions in the adult population. Almost up to 20% of cases are idiopathic and they are not having any lead point pathology. The rest of the cases are caused by organic lesions like Meckel’s diverticulum, benign and malignant lesions, metastatic neoplasm, intestinal polyp, etc. In adults’ preoperative diagnosis is difficult and a definitive diagnosis is made at laparotomy. Computerized tomography is the most sensitive diagnostic modality for this condition.

Deficiency of Splicing Factor 1 (SF1) Reduces Intestinal Polyp Incidence in ApcMin/+ Mice

Background: Splicing factor 1 (SF1) is a conserved alternative splicing factor expressed in many different mammalian cell types. The genetically modified Sf1+/− (or Sf1β-geo/+) mice express reduced levels of SF1 protein in mouse tissues, including in cells of the intestines. Mutational inactivation of human adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene deregulates the Wnt signaling pathway and is a frequent genetic event in colon cancers. Mice with a point mutation in the Apc gene (ApcMin/+) also develop numerous intestinal polyps at a young age. Our aim was to determine the effect of reduced SF1 levels on polyp development due to the strong driver ApcMin/+ mutation. Methods: We utilized mice genetically deficient for expression of SF1 to assess how SF1 levels affect intestinal tumorigenesis. We crossed ApcMin/+ to Sf1+/− mice to generate a cohort of heterozygous mutant ApcMin/+;Sf1+/− mice and compared intestinal polyp development in these mice to that in a control cohort of sibling ApcMin/+ mice. We compared total polyp numbers, sizes of polyps and gender differences in polyp numbers between ApcMin/+;Sf1+/− and ApcMin/+ mice. Results: Our results showed that ApcMin/+ mice with lower SF1 expression developed 25–30% fewer intestinal polyps compared to their ApcMin/+ siblings with normal SF1 levels. Interestingly, this difference was most significant for females (ApcMin/+;Sf1+/− and ApcMin/+ females developed 39 and 55 median number of polyps, respectively). Furthermore, the difference in polyp numbers between ApcMin/+;Sf1+/− and ApcMin/+ mice was significant for smaller polyps with a size of 2 mm or less, whereas both groups developed similar numbers of larger polyps. Conclusions: Our results suggest that lower SF1 levels likely inhibit the rate of initiation of polyp development due to ApcMin/+ driver mutation in the mouse intestine. Thus, therapeutic lowering of SF1 levels in the intestine could attenuate intestinal polyp development.

Artesunate inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis through inhibiting wnt signaling

Artesunate (ART) is a clinically approved antimalarial drug and was revealed as a candidate of colorectal cancer chemopreventive agents in our drug screening system. Here, we aimed to understand the suppressive effects of ART on intestinal tumorigenesis. In vitro, ART reduced T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) promoter transcriptional activity. In vivo, ART inhibited intestinal polyp development. We found that ART reduces TCF1/TCF7 nuclear translocation by binding the Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN), suggesting that ART inhibits TCF/LEF transcriptional factor nuclear translocation by binding to RAN, thereby inhibiting Wnt signaling. Our results provide a novel mechanism through which artesunate inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis.