Graphical analysis to determine the stability and adaptability of yield characteristics of dwarf cashew trees

The cashew culture provides jobs and boosts the economy of the Northeast region and is therefore of great socioeconomic importance. In genetic improvement programs, the existence of an interaction between genotypes and environments has been observed, making studies of adaptability and stability essential for effective selection. Thus, the objective was to study the performance of early dwarf cashew clones using the GGE Biplot in three agricultural years (2016–2018). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 25 treatments (clones) and three replications. The plot consisted of four plants spaced 8 × 8 m apart. The variables evaluated were nut yield throughout the harvest (PRC), average nut weight (PMC), and percentage of nuts pierced (PCF). The clones most characterized as ideotypes were T25, T14, T7, T8, T2, T10, T15, and T22 for PRC; T12, T1, and T16 for PMC; and T5, T24, T21, and T8 for PCF, with coincidence for T8 in PC and PCF. Clones with values above the general average, with emphasis on stability, were T14 and T2 for PRC; T12, T1, T16, T8, and T22 for PMC; and T5 and T22 for PCF. The years with test characteristics, that is, those with average environmental factors for all years, were 2016 for PRC and 2018 for PCF, with no test year for PMC; the every years were more discriminating to PCF, with the exception of 2016 for PRC.

Effect of Using Different Resources of Premix in Diet on Some Egg Quality of Layer Hen

A total of 84 laying hens, ISA Brown, 60 weeks age, were used, randomly distributed into four treatment groups with 3 replicates for each treatment. The treatments were distributed as follows: T1: added the premix to diet supplied by Nuscience Company. T2: added the premix to diet supplied by Provimi Company. T3: added the premix to diet supplied by Max Care Company. T4: added the premix to diet supplied by INTRACO Company. The results show that there were no significant differences in the relative weight of the shell, except for the mean, a significant superiority of T2 and T4 compared T3, a significant differences in the shell thickness. There were no significant differences in the relative weight of albumin, and a significant superiority in the general average, where T2 outperformed on T4. There were no significant differences in the yolk index. T3 and T2 were significantly superior to T1.

Reviewing the psychological resilience levels of the students studying at the faculty of sports sciences in terms of different variables

Background: Resilience is a key psychological aspect of sport. Aim: The purpose of this study was to review the psychological resilience levels of the students studying at faculty of sports sciences in terms of different variables. Methods: The study was designed in general survey model. The study population was consisted of 670 participants who attended Mus Alparslan University Faculty of Sports Sciences whereas the study sample was consisted of 398 participants. Besides; 162 of the participants were female (x̄age=21.3±1.9) and 236 were male (x̄age=22.4±3.2). In the study; “Brief Psychological Resilience Scale” –developed by Smith et al., (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Dogan (2015)- was employed as data collection tool. To analyze the data; such descriptive statistical methods as t-Test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: It was identified that participants’ psychological resilience scale scores differed statistically and significantly on behalf of male participants according to gender variable (p<0.05). Conclusion: In sum; participants’ psychological resilience levels did not differ in terms of the variables of age, academic department, general average academic grades, mother’s educational status, father’s educational status and grade (class) but it differed on behalf of male participants according to gender variable. Keywords: Physical education, psychological resilience, sports.

Assessment of the Knowledge and Approach of General Dentists Who Treat Children and Pediatric Dentists Regarding the Proper Use of Antibiotics for Children

Background: Antibiotics are widely used in dentistry. Dentists often provide antibiotics unnecessarily. Excessive use can induce resistant bacterial strains. There are certain indications for the proper use of antibiotics for pediatric dentistry according to the European and American Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD and AAPD). Very often dentists do not follow these guidelines. Objectives: This study aims to examine the level of knowledge among general dentists (who also treat children) and pediatric dentists on proper use of antibiotics. In addition, we examined whether there is unjustified use of antibiotics, if dentists are aware of the new and conservative approach of administering antibiotics to patients, and whether there is a relationship between years of professional seniority and dentist’s knowledge level of proper use of antibiotics. Methods: One hundred general dentists (GD) who treat children in addition to 100 pediatric dentists (PD) completed the study questionnaires which measured knowledge, practice and attitudes regrading using antibiotics during dental treatment among children. Results: The general average of level of knowledge on proper use of antibiotics among general dentists was relatively low for both GD (60.7%) and PDs (65%). PDs demonstrated a relatively greater knowledge of correct use of antibiotics, especially in cases of endodontics and trauma. PDs also showed higher awareness to latest guidelines for the admission of “prophylactic antibiotics” according to the American Association (AAPD) and/or the European Union (EAPD) compared with GDs (86.2% vs. 66.3%). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of both general dentists and pediatric dentists is poor, with a large percentage of dentists from both groups not knowing whether antibiotics are needed in a specific dental case or not. Compliance with the EAPD/AAPD guidelines is also low and inadequate. The method of prescribing antibiotics given by dentists can be improved by increasing awareness, educational initiatives, and postgraduate courses among dentists regarding the recommended indications.

Legal Disputes under Time Charter in Connection with the Stranding of the MV Ever Given

The MV Ever Given’s stranding in the Suez Canal in March 2021 prompted renewed awareness of the heightened risk of marine accidents in narrow channels as global shipping companies continuously expand vessel sizes. However, there has been limited consideration of ways to improve accident response, and little analysis of future-oriented liabilities and damage compensation schemes for similar maritime accidents. First, key issues related to the Suez Canal stranding accident were analyzed based on web crawling using the R studio program (Version: R-4.0.5) to extract text data from unstructured format text (HTML tags). We designed the research questions to address the key issues/disputes, such as definitions of legal terms related to the Ever Given’s stranding accident and the declaration of a general average (G/A), liability for maintaining seaworthiness, source of command authority over the captain, and liability for compensation for delay in delivery. Then, the liability of stakeholders was legally interpreted through causal inductive reasoning based on relevant legal theories and precedents. To help secure safe and sustainable shipping routes, this study demystifies the problems resulting from the side effects of the trend of ultra-large vessels based on technology bias, and will contribute to responses to similar accidents in the future.

Ensilajes de triticale de alta humedad con aditivos químicos y biológicos: valores nutrimentales y comportamiento de ingesta en ovinos

Triticale high moisture grain triticale silage is an excellent option for ruminant diets, but loss control during its fermentation process should be further investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological additives on high moisture triticale silages under chemical-bromatological composition, aerobic stability, and in vivo digestibility and ingestive behavior in sheep. The treatments were: high moisture triticale silage without additive (HMTC); high moisture triticale silage with enzyme-bacterial inoculant (HMTEB); high moisture triticale silage with 0.5 % urea in natural matter (HMTU); and high moisture triticale silage with 1.5 % sodium benzoate in natural matter (HMTSB). Four sheep were housed in appropriate metabolic cages according to the ethical principles of animal experimentation. The addition of urea as additive to high moisture triticale silage provided an increase in crude protein and ammoniacal silage (189.7 and 106.2 g kg MS-1, respectively) but did not affect digestibility (699.6 g kg MS-1 for HMTU, with a general average of treatments of 687.5 g kg MS-1) and ingestive behavior of sheep. Fiber consumption by sheep increased with the addition of the enzyme-bacterial additive in the silage (431.87 versus 388.06 g d-1 of FDN for HMTEB and HMTC, respectively). All additives helped to preserve crude protein contents after silo opening, but none interfered in aerobic stability time of silage.

Évaluation de la qualité des noix de cajou (Anacardium occidentale L.) produites dans le département de Korhogo en Côte d’Ivoire

La qualité des noix brutes de cajou est un facteur déterminant dans la fixation de leurs prix d’achat et de vente. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la qualité des noix de cajou afin de contribuer à l’amélioration des traitements post-récoltes desdites noix et la revalorisation des revenus des planteurs. Sur 208 échantillons du département de Korhogo, les paramètres de qualité ont été déterminés selon la norme ivoirienne PNI 4595. La valeur minimale des taux d’humidité moyens est 5,6±1,4% tandis que la valeur maximale est 5,8±1,8% avec une moyenne globale de 5,7±1,8%. Les grainages moyens sont 182±13 noix/kg, 179±13 noix/kg, 180±15 noix/kg, 179±12 noix/kg et 181±12 noix/kg respectivement pour les zones 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 et 5 avec une valeur moyenne de 180±13 noix/kg. Concernant les taux de défauts moyens, ils varient entre 11,96±4,59% et 13,90±5,65% avec pour moyenne générale 13,10±5,08%. Les valeurs de l’out-turn oscillent entre un minimum de 44,87±3,65 lbs et un maximum de 45,90±2,62 lbs avec une moyenne globale de 45,42±2,78 lbs. Les proportions de noix de bonne qualité sont 54%, 66%, 64%, 64% et 69% respectivement pour les zones 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 et 5 avec une proportion globale de 64%. La qualité des noix de cajou produites dans le département de Korhogo, est moyennement bonne. English title: Assessment of the quality of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidental L.) produced in the division of korhogo in Côte d’Ivoire The quality of raw cashews is a determining factor in setting their buying and selling prices. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of cashew nuts in order to contribute to the improvement of post-harvest treatments of said nuts and the revaluation of the income of the growers. On 208 samples, from the division of Korhogo, the quality parameters were determined according to the Ivorian standard PNI 4595. The minimum value of the average moisture contents is 5.6±1.4% while the maximum value is 5.8±1.8% with 5.7±1.8% as the overall average of the division of Korhogo. The average grainings are 182±13 nuts/kg, 179±13 nuts/kg, 180±15 nuts/kg, 179±12 nuts/kg and 181±12 nuts/kg respectively for zones 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 with an average value of 180±13 nuts/kg. Concerning the average defect rates, they vary between 11.96±4.59% and 13.90±5.65% with the general average being 13.10±5.08%. The out-turn values fluctuate between a minimum (44.87±3.65 lbs) and a maximum (45.90±2.62 lbs). The average of this parameter in the division of Korhogo is 45.42±2.78 lbs. The proportions of good quality nuts are 54%, 66%, 64%, 64% and 69% respectively for areas 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 with an overall proportion of 64%. The quality of the cashew nuts produced in the Korhogo division is moderately good.

Universal Model for the Cogeneration of Heat, Power and Char in a Decoupled Pyrolysis and Gasification Process for Techno-Economic Assessment

Present work aims to present a complete and detailed heat-mass balance data, streams elemental and species composition as crucial input data for Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA). Combined heat, power and char (CHPC) generation in decoupled pyrolysis and gasification processes ensures a highly efficient, reliable and sustainable economic use of biomass. Innovative process model based on simultaneous heat-mass balance with the elemental (C, H, O) and species (CO, H2, CO2, CH4 and H2O) composition of each stream provides reliable data with a general/average variability in a range of ±10% and ±5% for the main outputs. Thermodynamic calculations verified not only the concept but also a numerical range of the results. Comparisons with recently published, scientific and data from technology providers, prove their general applicability and consistency. TEA cases, presented in a complete and detailed table, allow selection of the relevant calculation basis providing reliable data for doubtless evaluation at investors/entrepreneurs striving for a successful business model.

Study of physicochemical, functional, particle size and fermentation properties of flours composed of wheat and young shoots of palmyra palm in the perspective of the preparation of compound bread

This study on wheat flour type 55, the flour of young shoots of Palmyra palm (Borassus aethiopum Mart.), the mixture of the two (2) flours containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of flour of young shoots of the palmyra palm, is an enhancement of the young shoots of the palmyra palm, a tuber little transformed in Côte d'Ivoire. The study on the physicochemical properties of the different flours revealed that the incorporation of the flour of young shoots of palmyra palm in the compound flours increased the content of reducing sugars, total sugars and especially fibers, which is beneficial for the health of populations ; the lipid and ash contents of wheat flour and of compound flour are not significantly different at the 5% threshold; the bulk density contents of all the flours are not significantly different at the 5% threshold with a general average of 0.65g / ml. The study of the functional properties revealed that the percentage solubility and the water absorption capacity of wheat flours and compound flours are not significantly different at the 5% level; that the swelling power of all the flours is not significantly different at the 5% level with a general average of 0.057 g/g. This study also consisted in evaluating the fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the fermentation at 30 °C of baking dough containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of flour of young shoots of palmyra palm. When the incorporation rate is equal to 5%, we observe an increase in the fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a significant volume increase in the fermentation paste. However, when the flour content of young shoots is greater than 5%, a gradual decrease in the fermentation activity of the yeast is observed. The granulometric study revealed that the flour of young shoots of palmyra palm is the finest with a grain content of less than 63µm diameter higher.