Nonequilibrium Temperature: An Approach from Irreversibility

Nonequilibrium temperature is a topic of research with continuously growing interest because of recent improvements in and applications of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, with particular regard to information theory, kinetic theory, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, superfluids, radiative systems, etc. All studies on nonequilibrium temperature have pointed out that the definition of nonequilibrium temperature must be related to different aspects of the system, to the energy of the system, and to the energy fluxes between the system and its environment. In this paper, we introduce a definition of nonequilibrium temperature based on the Gouy–Stodola and Carnot theorems in order to satisfy all these theoretical requirements. The result obtained links nonequilibrium temperature to the electromagnetic outflow, generated by irreversibility during microscopic interaction in the system; to the environmental temperature; to the mean energy; and to the geometrical and physical characteristics of the system.

Ultrafast dynamics of carriers and phonons of photoinjected double-plasma in aluminium nitride

Aluminum nitride is attracting great interest of the industry and scientific community due to its interesting properties. In this paper is performed a theoretical study on the ultrafast transient transport properties of photoinjected carriers in wurtzite AlN subjected to electric fields up to 80 kV/cm. For this, the Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method was used. The evolution towards the steady state of drift velocity of carriers (electrons and holes) and nonequilibrium temperature (carriers and phonons) subpicosecond scale were determined.