Pantangan Makanan pada Suku Muyu di Papua

ABSTRACT Background: Food for the Muyu tribe was an actualization of daily life over the belief in the religious dimension that is adopted and lived. This study aims to explore the food taboo among the Muyu tribe in Indonesia.Methods: The authors conducted the case study in Mindiptana, Boven Digoel, Papua. The study carried out data collection by participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document searches. The authors carried out the report using an ethnographic approach an emically perspective.Results: Belief in the lord of wild animals, the lord of fruits and plants, and the lord of sago, was so thick that many spells appear to hunt and search for food in the forest, which was a form of recognition of the power of these. The Muyu tribe had restrictions on several types of food. Food can be taboo based on its physical form; meanwhile, because of Muyu people's belief that there was a bad quality inherent in these food ingredients. It was especially closely related to ritual practice for men as a process of undergoing initiation as a big man. The Muyu intended women taboo for mothers who are pregnant and breastfeeding. Abstinence for pregnant Muyu women was often related to the fetus in the womb. For children, especially for boys, it was almost the same as abstinence for adult Muyu men. This abstinence applies to boys who were prepared to be tómkót, especially when undergoing the initiation process.Conclusions: The food taboo applies to all Muyu people, both men, women, and children.

Hlonipha and health: ancestors, taboos and social medicine in South Africa

This article examines the abandonment of an important food taboo – the prohibition of milk consumption by newly married women – in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa in the 1940s and 1950s. Offering a detailed exploration of this hlonipha custom in three rural communities, I start from the position that food always reflects the entanglements of its material and symbolic attributes. By tracing health and illness, shifting livelihoods, diets and an important social medicine intervention, this article reveals that in the 1950s milk was a symbolically and materially different food than it had been in the 1930s. I argue that this difference determined whether or not hlonipha would be abandoned. By centring on understandings of food, health and taboos as material and symbolic, this article draws on scholarship on livestock in Southern Africa and contributes to scholarship on food taboos and hlonipha customs, pushing for the incorporation of material aspects of those customs.

Determinant of Stunting in Gandasuli Community Health Center, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku

Background: Stunting is a linear growth disorder that is not appropriate for age indicating a long-term event and is an accumulative impact of insufficient nutrient consumption, poor health conditions and inadequate care. Objectives: This study aims to analyze or explore in depth the causes of stunting in toddler. Methods: The research was conducted in ​​Gandasuli Community Health Center, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku. This research is a qualitative research with a sampling of researchers using non-probability sampling techniques, or rather researchers using purposive sampling technique. Subjects were determined based on inclusion criteria and obtained as many as 12 toddlers over 24 months. Data analysis in qualitative research is presented based on the data that has been collected and then conclusions are drawn. Results: The results showed that the knowledge about stunting was still lacking, children were not exclusively breastfed causing malnutrition, errors in giving complementary foods which resulted in stunting, low family economic factors, inadequate use of integrated service post, as well as poor environmental sanitation, food taboo culture for pregnant women, breastfeeding women and toddlers themselves so they can reduce their food intake which in turn reduces their nutritional status.

Analysis of the Causes of Stunting in Toddlers in the Work Area of Gandasuli Community Health Center South Halmahera Regency North Maluku (Qualitative Study)

Stunting is a linear growth disorder that is not appropriate for age indicating a long-term event and is an accumulative impact of insufficient nutrient consumption, poor health conditions and inadequate care. This study aims to analyze or explore in depth the causes of stunting in toddler. The research was conducted in the working area of ​​Puskesmas Gandasuli Kab. Halmahera Selatan, North Maluku. This research is a qualitative research with a sampling of researchers using non-probability sampling techniques, or rather researchers using purposive sampling technique. Subjects were determined based on inclusion criteria and obtained as many as 12 toddlers over 24 months. Data analysis in qualitative research is presented based on the data that has been collected and then conclusions are drawn. The results showed that the knowledge about stunting was still lacking, children were not exclusively breastfed causing malnutrition, errors in giving complementary foods which resulted in stunting, low family economic factors, inadequate use of posyandu, as well as poor environmental sanitation, food taboo culture for pregnant women, breastfeeding women and toddlers themselves so they can reduce their food intake which in turn reduces their nutritional status.

Food related taboos and misconceptions during pregnancy among rural communities of Illu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: Poor maternal nutrition adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcomes. In many societies, pregnant women have food taboos and misconceptions which consequently results in the depletion of vital nutrients. These cultural malpractices and beliefs can influence dietary intake of pregnant women which subsequently affects the birth outcome. This study aimed at exploring the extent of food taboos and misconceptions during pregnancy in rural communities of Illu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews of key informants and focus group discussions among purposefully selected pregnant women and their husbands, elderly people, health workers and health extension workers. Data were transcribed verbatim, thematized; color coded and analyzed manually using the thematic framework method.Result: Thorough reading and review of the transcripts generated three major themes. The first theme was belief and practice of taboos related to the intake of certain food items during pregnancy. Pregnant women, their husbands and mothers- in- law believed that certain foods should be avoided during pregnancy. The second theme was foods that were held as taboo and the reason attached to the food taboos. The most common food items held as taboo were related to the consumption of vegetables like cabbage, pumpkin, milk and milk products, sugar cane, fruit like banana and avocado and egg and the main reasons to avoid these foods were a belief that it can be plastered on the fetal head, making fatty baby which is difficult for delivery. The third theme was the reasons underlying adherence to food taboos which is deeply embedded in the personal believes and attitudes of the pregnant women, who were nested within the influence of the social environment surrounding them and the traditional beliefs and values of the society in general. Conclusions: The results showed a widespread practice of food taboo during pregnancy in the study area. The finding suggested that there is a need for strengthening the nutrition counseling components of antenatal care follow-up and planning comprehensive nutrition education through involving important others to dispel such traditional beliefs and prevent food taboo practices in the study community.

Factors associated with food taboos among pregnant women in the Dimma district, Gambella, Ethiopia

Background/Aims A food taboo is a food or drink that people are prohibited from consuming, often as a result of an incorrect perception of the food or for religious reasons, especially in low- and middle-income countries. During pregnancy, many women are subject to food taboos that can have deleterious effects on the fetus. This study aimed to assess the magnitude ofand factors associated with food taboos among pregnant women in Dimma district, Gambella, Ethiopia. The findings of this study can advise how to address the cultural malpractices that affect dietary behaviours of pregnant women, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 276 pregnant women from March 6 to May 8 2019, in Dimma district, Gambella. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. A total of 14 key informant interviews were conducted. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to isolate independent predictors of food taboo practices. All tests were two sided and P<0.05 was used to set statistical significance. Qualitative data were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Results Over one-third (34.7%) of the study participants restricted themselves from at least one food item during pregnancy. Common food taboos were fruits, cereals, honey, sugarcane, garden cress, mustard seed and yam. The main reasons behind food taboos were fear of maternal and fetal complications, including abortion, cardiac problems and anaemia. Food taboo practice was more common in participants aged ≥25 years (adjusted odds ratio=2.72; P=0.002), who had only attended primary education (adjusted odd ratio=2.56, P=0.019) and had a gestational age ≥7 months (adjusted odds ratio=4.33, P<0.001). Conclusions More than one-third of pregnant mothers were practicing food taboos during pregnancy in Dimma Woreda, Gambella region, which was significantly associated with older participants and a lack of formal education. Therefore, intensive nutrition education should be given by both government and non-government organisations, focusing on pregnant women.

„Nie należy do mężczyzny, by wtrącał się do jadła”. Rzecz o ucztowaniu i tabu pokarmowym w średniowiecznej Islandii

In this paper, I discuss various kinds of feasts in Old Norse-Icelandic literature, such as wedding, funeral, or sacrificial feasts. I discuss feasting, an important part of the culture of medieval Iceland, much more in terms of its functions (political, social, religious) than in terms of its culinary aspect. In addition, I consider how religious traditions impacted Old Icelandic food culture and how food taboo related to horse-meat consumption (declared just after the conversion of Iceland to Christianity in 1000 CE) affected social interaction.