Study on Metakaolin Impact on Concrete Performance of Resisting Complex Ions Corrosion

The main purpose of this study is to determine the metakaolin (MK) impacts on the concrete durability when the concrete is subjected to joint corrosion of SO42−,Mg2+ and, Cl−. Four groups of concrete test samples, which contained different MK contents, were designed and tested in order to see their physical property changes and macro-morphology differences during the cyclic corrosion process. And a series of approaches, including XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS, were applied to study the concrete phase composition changes and the micro-morphology features of all groups. According to the test results, when reaching 20 cycles, the concrete sample with 10% MK showed the best concrete physical properties; when reaching 120 cycles, the concrete with 5% MK content showed the best durability, produced similar amount of corrosion products to ordinary concrete, and presented relatively compacted micro-structure and small internal porosity. Mg2+ actually has a great impact on metakaolin. The corrosion product quantity increased significantly when MK admixture reached 15%. Due to the great number of produced M-S-H, the corrosive ions damaged the concrete for a second time, leading to serious aggregate peeling-off, powder surface of test samples, and porous micro-structure.

Ageing Resistance of Bi-Layer Coating Systems for Dry Lubrication of Premium OCTG Connections

The latest dope-free configuration combines an electrodeposited zinc-nickel (ZnNi) plating, which provides anti-galling and most of anticorrosion properties, and an organic topcoat which provides lubrication through its low friction coefficient. This dry lubrication constitutes an alternative to storage and running dope meanwhile it improves running performances, reduces operational costs on the yard and rig and avoids dope discharge to the environment. Since the technology is "rig-ready", it must withstand the different risks of degradation occurring along its whole lifecycle. The present study aims at assessing the robustness towards ageing along storage on yards, transportation to the rig and or service life in well conditions. The performances of the different layers were checked stepwise, first assessing the ZnNi plating alone, and then considering the additional protection brought by thermoset topcoat. Regarding atmospheric corrosion, the characterization path involved both accelerated laboratory tests (such as the VDA 233-102 cyclic corrosion test) and outdoor exposures, under plastic protectors and after their removal, in different climates: temperate, desertic and tropical. The specimens were inspected regarding at: (i) efficiency of cathodic protection provided by the metallic coating; (ii) paint blistering, (iii) propagation of corrosion from a scribe down to substrate. Regarding rig operations, some examples of rig-return were reported and the compatibility with completion fluids, encountered in case of misrun and subsequent pull-out of the column, was checked though immersion in alkaline brines. In respect to the service in simulated well conditions, the resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in brines were carried out to complete the former autoclave tests to assess resistance of carbon and stainless steel to well conditions. Both the ZnNi plating and the bi-layer system revealed lifetimes in storage conditions ranging from 3 to more than 5 years before any sign of significant degradation such as red rust, paint blistering or disbonding. According to cyclic corrosion tests results, higher lifetimes could be even expected thanks to the additional anticorrosion protection of the topcoat. Regarding exposure to completion fluids, the bilayer coating was shown to withstand 3000h exposure with no more than scarce rust indications. These results testify of the technology robustness from storage on yards to rig operations. In the multiple service conditions in wells, it was shown that the corrosion and cracking resistance of the substrate was not deteriorated by the plating presence, but instead improved in the multiple assessed well service conditions. The present communication updates the results of atmospheric corrosion compared to the former one [1] and it details new results after rig-return and regarding the risks of cracking.

Effect of Cr on Aqueous and Atmospheric Corrosion of Automotive Carbon Steel

This study investigated the effect of Cr alloying element on the corrosion properties of automotive carbon steel (0.1C, 0.5Si, 2.5Mn, Fe Bal., composition given in wt.%) in aqueous and atmospheric conditions using electrochemical measurement and cyclic corrosion tests. Three steels with 0, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% Cr were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Polarization resistance (Rp) of 0.3 Cr and 0.5 Cr steels was higher than that of 0 Cr steel, and the Rp also increased as the Cr content increased. Therefore, Cr increases the corrosion resistance of automotive carbon steel immersed in a chloride ion (Cl−)-containing aqueous solution. In the cyclic corrosion test results, Cl− was concentrated at the metal/rust interface in all of the steels regardless of Cr content. The Cl− was uniformly concentrated and distributed on the 0 Cr steel, but locally and non-uniformly concentrated on the Cr-added steels. The inner rust layer consisted of β-FeOOH containing Cl− and Cr-goethite, while the outer rust layer was composed of amorphous iron oxyhydroxide mixed with various types of rust. FeCl2 and CrCl3 are formed from the Cl− nest developed in the early stage, and the pitting at CrCl3-formed regions are locally accelerated because Cr is strongly hydrolyzed to a very low pH.

IMPROVING THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF RЕM–Fe–B MAGNETS

The article presents the results of work on improving the corrosion resistance of magnets of the REM–Fe–B system manufactured in China, by applying an ion-plasma coating of the SDP-1T + VSDP-13 system on an industrial vacuum-arc installation MAP-3. A comparative assessment of the tread protection of the vacuum-arc coating of the SP-1T + VSP-13 system was carried out with an already applied Ni–Cu–Ni coating under conditions of accelerated cyclic corrosion tests at a temperature of 300 °C. The coating of the SDP-1T + VSDP-13 system, applied in the FSUE «VIAM», creates a much more resistant protection of the magnets of the REM–Fe–B system from corrosion compared to the electroplating of the Ni–Cu–Ni system, manufactured in China.

Corrosion Evolution in Al/Steel Dissimilar Joints

Al/steel joints are increasingly used in the automotive industry to meet the requirement of energy saving and emission reduction. Among various joining technologies, self-pierce riveting (SPR) and resistance spot welding (RSW) are two promising technologies to fabricate dissimilar joints with stable and high mechanical performance. However, corrosion will occur in these joints inevitably due to different electrochemical properties, which can degrade the surface quality and the mechanical performance, including strength, ductility, etc. In this paper, 1.2 mm AA6022 and 2.0mm HDG HSLA340 are joined by SPR and RSW. After the fabrication of these Al/steel joints, cyclic corrosion tests are performed, which lasts 26 cycles and 48 cycles. By comparing the microstructure of the joints with and without corrosion, different corrosion mechanisms in SPR and RSW are revealed, including the corrosion initiation and propagation.