Ageing Resistance of Bi-Layer Coating Systems for Dry Lubrication of Premium OCTG Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Baska ◽  
Alexandre François-Heude ◽  
Cécile Millet ◽  
Florian Thebault
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Cyclic Corrosion ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Completion Fluids

Abstract The latest dope-free configuration combines an electrodeposited zinc-nickel (ZnNi) plating, which provides anti-galling and most of anticorrosion properties, and an organic topcoat which provides lubrication through its low friction coefficient. This dry lubrication constitutes an alternative to storage and running dope meanwhile it improves running performances, reduces operational costs on the yard and rig and avoids dope discharge to the environment. Since the technology is "rig-ready", it must withstand the different risks of degradation occurring along its whole lifecycle. The present study aims at assessing the robustness towards ageing along storage on yards, transportation to the rig and or service life in well conditions. The performances of the different layers were checked stepwise, first assessing the ZnNi plating alone, and then considering the additional protection brought by thermoset topcoat. Regarding atmospheric corrosion, the characterization path involved both accelerated laboratory tests (such as the VDA 233-102 cyclic corrosion test) and outdoor exposures, under plastic protectors and after their removal, in different climates: temperate, desertic and tropical. The specimens were inspected regarding at: (i) efficiency of cathodic protection provided by the metallic coating; (ii) paint blistering, (iii) propagation of corrosion from a scribe down to substrate. Regarding rig operations, some examples of rig-return were reported and the compatibility with completion fluids, encountered in case of misrun and subsequent pull-out of the column, was checked though immersion in alkaline brines. In respect to the service in simulated well conditions, the resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in brines were carried out to complete the former autoclave tests to assess resistance of carbon and stainless steel to well conditions. Both the ZnNi plating and the bi-layer system revealed lifetimes in storage conditions ranging from 3 to more than 5 years before any sign of significant degradation such as red rust, paint blistering or disbonding. According to cyclic corrosion tests results, higher lifetimes could be even expected thanks to the additional anticorrosion protection of the topcoat. Regarding exposure to completion fluids, the bilayer coating was shown to withstand 3000h exposure with no more than scarce rust indications. These results testify of the technology robustness from storage on yards to rig operations. In the multiple service conditions in wells, it was shown that the corrosion and cracking resistance of the substrate was not deteriorated by the plating presence, but instead improved in the multiple assessed well service conditions. The present communication updates the results of atmospheric corrosion compared to the former one [1] and it details new results after rig-return and regarding the risks of cracking.

scholarly journals Bond Effects between Concrete and Steel Bar Using Different Diameter Bars and Different Initial Crack Width

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papa Niane Faye ◽  
Yinghua Ye ◽  
Bo Diao
Keyword(s):  
Crack Width ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Bond Performance ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Concrete Casting ◽  
Initial Cracks ◽  
Bar Diameter

The importance of an accurate simulation of service conditions in the bond performance of reinforced concrete structures in coastal regions is highlighted. Four widths of initial crack of 0, 80, 150, and 210 microns were artificially made by inserting slice into bond specimens during concrete casting. Three bar diameters of 10 mm, 14 mm, and 18 mm were selected. At 28 days, the bond specimens were exposed to the environment of wet-dry cycles of seawater and atmosphere for another 90 days. The pull-out test was then conducted and chloride contents were tested at crack area along 40 mm depth. Results show that, for the specimen with 10 mm bar diameter, cracks width of less than 80 microns vanished rapidly during wet-dry cycles; for other specimens, cracks width of 100–150 microns decreased slightly. However the cracks of width more than 200 microns increased gradually; the chloride content decreased along the depth of concrete, and the chloride content increased as the widths of initial cracks increased or as the bar diameters increased. The ductility of bond specimens decreased as the diameter increased.

Interfacial phenomena in the fracture resistance of interfaces

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
A. G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Friction Stress ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Fiber Failure ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Brittle Matrix Composites ◽  
The Matrix

In composite systems, the mechanical response of interfaces to the approach of cracks that initially form either in the matrix or in the fiber dominates the mechanical performance. In particular, in brittle matrix composites, the interface must have a sufficiently low fracture resistance compared with that of both the fiber and matrix that the crack diverts into the interface and debonds the fiber, Thereafter, the debonded fiber must be able to slide against the matrix with a low friction stress in order to inhibit fiber failure and thus enhance pull-out. These processes are schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. Mechanics investigations have established requirements concerning debonding and sliding that must be satisfied in order to achieve good composite properties. At the simplest level, these studies reveal that the fracture energy of the interface should be less than about one-third that of either the fiber or the matrix.

scholarly journals Effect of Storage Conditions of Rutile Flux Cored Welding Wires on Properties of Welds

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Świerczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Urban Conditions

AbstractThe influence of storage locations of two grades of rutile flux cored welding wires on their surface condition and the strength of the welds made with them were studied. Wires were stored in real urban conditions (Gdańsk and Katowice) for 1 month, simultaneously recording changes in conditions: temperature and relative humidity of the environment. Visual tests of wires in the delivered and stored condition as well as visual and tensile strength tests of welds made with them were carried out. It was found that the surface of the wires underwent more intense degradation (atmospheric corrosion) during storage in Katowice than in Gdańsk. Significant difference in tensile strength was observed only for padding welds made using Gdańsk stored wires. The lowest recorded tensile strength value was not lower than the standard requirements for the wires.

scholarly journals Protection of historical lead against acetic acid vapour

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pecenová ◽  
M. Kouřil
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Metal Seal ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Low Solubility

Abstract Historical lead artefacts (small figurines, appliques, bull (metal seal) can be stored in depository and archives in inconvenient storage conditions. The wooden show-case or paper packagings release volatile organic compound to the air during their degradation. These acids, mainly acetic acid are very corrosive for lead. The thin layer of corrosion products which slows atmospheric corrosion is formed on lead surface in atmospheric condition. In presence of acetic acid vapour the voluminous corrosion products are formed and fall off the surface. These corrosion products do not have any protection ability. The lead could be protected against acid environment by layer of “metal soup” which is formed on surface after immersion in solution of salt of carboxylic acid for 24 hours. The solutions of acids (with vary long of carbon chain) and their salts are examined. Longer carbon chain provides better efficiency convers layer. The disadvantages are low solubility of carboxylic acids in water and bad abrasion resistance of formed layer.

The influence of heat treatment on the fiber/matrix interface in a SiC-reinforced glassceramic

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
E. Bischoff ◽  
O. Sbaizero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Crack Wake ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Annealed Material ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Fiber Matrix Interface

Fiber or whisker reinforced ceramics show improved toughness and strength. Bridging by intact fibers in the crack wake and fiber pull-out after failure contribute to the additional toughness. These processes are strongly influenced by the sliding and debonding resistance of the interfacial region. The present study examines the interface in a laminated 0/90 composite consisting of SiC (Nicalon) fibers in a lithium-aluminum-silicate (LAS) glass-ceramic matrix. The material shows systematic changes in sliding resistance upon heat treatment.As-processed samples were annealed in air at 800 °C for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 100 h, and for comparison, in helium at 800 °C for 4 h. TEM specimen preparation of as processed and annealed material was performed with special care by cutting along directions having the fibers normal and parallel to the section plane, ultrasonic drilling, dimpling to 100 pm and final ionthinning. The specimen were lightly coated with Carbon and examined in an analytical TEM operated at 200 kV.

Characterization of interfaces in CVD-coated nicalon fiber-reinforced SiC

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
K.L. More ◽  
R.A. Lowden
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Chemical Vapor Infiltration ◽  
Frictional Stress ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Fiber Matrix

The mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites are directly related to the nature of the fiber-matrix bond. Fracture toughness is improved when debonding, crack deflection, and fiber pull-out occur which in turn depend on a weak interfacial bond. The interfacial characteristics of fiber-reinforced ceramics can be altered by applying thin coatings to the fibers prior to composite fabrication. In a previous study, Lowden and co-workers coated Nicalon fibers (Nippon Carbon Company) with silicon and carbon prior to chemical vapor infiltration with SiC and determined the influence of interfacial frictional stress on fracture phenomena. They found that the silicon-coated Nicalon fiber-reinforced SiC had low flexure strengths and brittle fracture whereas the composites containing carbon coated fibers exhibited improved strength and fracture toughness. In this study, coatings of boron or BN were applied to Nicalon fibers via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and the fibers were subsequently incorporated in a SiC matrix. The fiber-matrix interfaces were characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Mechanical properties were determined and compared to those obtained for uncoated Nicalon fiber-reinforced SiC.

Advances in ultramicrotomy for physical sciences applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G. McMahon ◽  
T. Malis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Surface ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Metal Wires ◽  
Frequent Problem ◽  
Specific Orientation ◽  
Diamond Knife

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

CVD AND PVD LOW-FRICTION / ANTI-WEAR COATINGS

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-111-C1-118
Author(s):  
H. BOVING ◽  
H. E. HINTERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Low Friction ◽  
Wear Coatings
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