Reduction of GHG emissions from ships: evaluation of inter-company R&D cooperation models in the case of Hapag-Lloyd

Decarbonization provides a crucial challenge for the maritime industry, resulting in growing concerns about how to achieve the initial IMO strategy on reduction of GHG-emissions from ships. In this context, R&D cooperation has become an important domain for industrial practice, constituting a preeminent strategic framework and vital factor for actively shaping the industry’s development towards a sustainable future. Leading global liner-shipping companies emphasize the importance of R&D to surmount disruptive challenges. However, based on the variety of R&D cooperation models, it remains to be investigated how such collaborations should be configured. This paper seeks to address practical collaboration concepts by defining holistic requirements from a corporate perspective, which are subsequently matched with a portfolio of external stakeholders and cooperation configurations. For this process, a mixed-methods research design has been adopted, sourcing the required information from expert interviews with the primary stakeholder groups and culminating in the construction of two multi-criteria decision-making models to draw dynamic inferences.On this basis, econometric analysis suggests knowledge-based R&D cooperation models, and early-stage involvement of academic institutions and classification societies. This provides the framework for actively engaging in a variety of further technological test-phases in the future, to evaluate imminent GHG-reduction alternatives and perpetuate sustainable value creation. The research results empirically support theoretical literature on environmentally related R&D cooperation and contribute to the understanding of strategic partnerships. This adds economic robustness to a widely discussed topic.

ENERGI NUKLIR SEBAGAI SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHAMBAT PEMANASAN GLOBAL

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the earth surface, atmosphere and oceans.The global warming in recent years has been international issues. The issues come to the surfacebecause global warming has the very big impact to the world and the lives of animal, plant and human,such as world climate change. The main cause of global warming is the combustion of fossil fuel suchas coal, oil and natural gas, that released carbon dioxide and other gases to atmosphere as greenhousegases. One of alternative to retard this global warming is by replacing fossil fuel with utilization of nuclearenergy for power plant. As a comparison, a 1,000 MWe nuclear power plant as a substitute for coal fi redpower plant at the same capacity, will reduce 6,000,000 tons of CO2 gas emission per year. Consideringenvironmental aspect, the nuclear power plant is not emitting CO2 gas, so that the use of nuclear powerplant can retard the global warming. Considering economic aspect, based on operational experienceof nuclear power plants in advanced countries, it is shown that cost of generating electricity of nuclearpower plants is more competitive than fossil fuel power plant. Considering safety aspect, nuclear powerplant operating in the world, have passed by a technological test. They have also an excellent operationreliability and a very good safety system.

Effect of Autogenous Laser Weld on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 617 Nickel Alloy

One of the most advanced manufacturing technologies is laser welding. Due to the limited power of the beam, the difficulty of precise preparation of the joint and the possibility of hardening in a narrow heat affected zone laser welding is used only for basic low carbon and low alloy steels. In this work the effects of autogenous weld parameters on microstructure and properties of the Inconel 617 alloy were studied. For this purpose the technological test of laser autogenous weld was performed.

A Reconfigurable Control System for a PA-PVD Technology Test Stand

The construction of technological test stands is connected with the problem of a proper determination of the structure of the stands enabling the execution of technological processes with different types of instruments and devices. The article presents the test stand for Plasma–Assisted Physical Vapour Deposition (PA-PVD) technological processes. The configurability of the stand was achieved thanks to the modular structure of the stand and the use of appropriate software and hardware solutions. The authors describe the developed solution facilitating the execution of plasma processes applied for surface engineering.

The Verification of Material Plastic Flow at Optimal Warm Forging Temperature Using Computer Simulation

Warm forging is most commonly used for production of die forgings which are manufactured by means of precise forging. As compared to cold forging, warm forging enables to reduce forging forces size considerably. Development of warm forging technology is connected to formability and plasticity research of forged material at warm temperatures. This contribution brings a methodology for optimal forging temperature determination from recommended interval of warm temperatures used for chromium-manganic steel 16MnCr5. The given steel is appropriate for case hardening and precise die forgings production. For the purpose of verification of steel forgeability at the recommended interval of warm forging temperatures 600, 650, 700 and 750 °C technological test of upsetting according to Zidek is used. The main factor of plasticity for optimal warm temperature selection from examined temperature interval is value of reduction of area that was determined by tensile test. Numeric simulation of forging process in closed die confirmed correct plastic flow of steel 16MnCr5 at recommended forging temperature 700 degrees of Celsius.

The Research of Forgeability for Warm Temperatures Using Simulation

At nowadays the interest of forging shops is focused on technology of accurate die warm forging. It is possible to reach higher exploitation of material, higher surface quality and higher accuracy of forgings in comparison to standard forging. The advance of warm forging relates to research of ductility and plasticity of forged material in warm temperature range. This paper provides the results of the research of 16MnCr5 steel forgeability in the interval of temperatures of warm forging. Steel alloy 16MnCr5 is proper for case hardening and for the production of precision die forging. In this paper the description of methodology for the proper interval setting of temperatures of warm forging for the given type of steel can be found. Practical test and a numerical simulation has proven the propriety of the examined steel for forging in the temperature interval 600, 650, 700 and 750 °C. For the steel forgeability verification in the recommended interval of warm forging temperatures, the technological test of upsetting according to Zidek was used.