Investigation of the Contribution of Deceleration Fuel Cut-off and Start/Stop Technologies to Fuel Economy by Considering New European Driving Cycle

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions released into the atmosphere cause climate change and air pollution. One of the main causes of GHG emissions is the transportation sector. The use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engine vehicles leads to the release of these harmful gases. For this reason, since 1992, several standards have been introduced to limit emissions from vehicles. Technologies such as reducing engine sizes, advanced compression-ignition or start/stop, and fuel cut-off have been developed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. In this study, the contribution of deceleration fuel cut-off and start/stop technologies to fuel economy has been examined considering the New European Driving Cycle. Therefore, the fuel consumption values were calculated by creating a longitudinal vehicle model for a light commercial vehicle with a diesel engine. At the end of the study, by using the two strategies together, fuel economies of 17.5% in the urban driving cycle, 3.7% in the extra-urban cycle, and 10% in total were achieved. CO2 emissions decreased in parallel with fuel consumption, by 10.1% in total.

Acceleration and Deceleration Rates of Various Vehicle Categories at Signalized Intersections in Mixed Traffic Conditions

The acceleration and deceleration rates vary from one vehicle type to another. The same vehicle type also exhibits variations in acceleration and deceleration rates due to vast variation in their dynamic and physical characteristics, ratio between weight and power, driver behaviour during acceleration and deceleration manoeuvres. Accurate estimation of acceleration and deceleration rates is very important for proper signal design to ensure minimum control delay for vehicles, which are passing through the intersection. The present study measures acceleration and deceleration rates for four vehicle categories: Two-wheeler, Three-wheeler, Car, and Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV), by using Open Street Map (OSM) tracker mobile application. The acceleration and deceleration rates were measured at 24 signalized intersection approaches in Hyderabad and Warangal cities. The study also developed acceleration and deceleration models for each vehicle type and the developed models were validated based on field data. The results showed that the predicted acceleration and deceleration models showed close relation with those measured in the field. The developed models are useful in predicting average acceleration and deceleration rate for different vehicle types under mixed and poor lane disciplined traffic conditions.

Studies on Energy Consumption of Electric Light Commercial Vehicle Powered by In-Wheel Drive Modules

This article presents the results of energy consumption research for an electric light commercial vehicle (eLCV) powered by a centrally located motor (4 × 2 drive system) or motors placed in the vehicle’s wheels (4 × 4 drive system). For the considered constructions of electric drive systems, mathematical models of 4 × 2 and 4 × 4 drive systems were developed in the Modelica simulation environment, based on real data. Additionally, the influence of changes in the vehicle loading condition on the operation of the motor mounted in the wheel and the energy consumption of the drive module was investigated. On the basis of the conducted research, a comparative analysis of energy consumption by electric drive systems in 4 × 2 and 4 × 4 configurations was carried out for selected test cycles. The tests carried out with the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) test cycle showed a roughly 6% lower energy consumption by the 4 × 4 drive system compared to the 4 × 2 configuration.

Biosynthesis of Amyl Alcohol from Scenedesmus quadricauda Microalgae for Light Commercial Vehicle CI Engine using Prediction Models

Third generation feedstocks and its constituent biofuels have shown promising results in the light of sustainable production and as a feasible fuel source for internal combustion engines. Hence, in this study, a third generation microalgae feedstock (scenedesmus quadricauda) biomass was cultivated sustainably using an in-situ tubular photo bioreactor and raceway pond to synthesize quintet carbon chained amyl alcohol using Ehrlich biosynthetic pathway. On analyzing the synthesized amyl alcohol, a homogenous mixture of a 20 % (vol/vol) amyl alcohol-diesel blend showed similarities with conventional diesel in their physio-chemical properties. This potential fuel source was analyzed though systematic experimentation at maximum throttle position condition in a light commercial vehicle compression ignition engine. The conducted experiments were directed by Response Surface Methodology coupled with Central Composite Design which delivered a set of influential and interactive responses on engine testing. At optimal operating condition, 0.7% rise in brake thermal efficiency and an increased specific fuel consumption of 5.6% is reported due to the lower heating value of the biofuel. Furthermore, a 55.8% and 5.4% drop in smoke and carbon monoxide emissions is observed. However, oxides of nitrogen emission increases by 31.7% for biofuel operation as a trade-off for the improved combustion characteristics achieved.

Electric Vehicle Modelling and Simulation of a Light Commercial Vehicle Using PMSM Propulsion

Even though the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) used in conventional vehicles is one of the major causes of global warming and air pollution, the emission of toxic gases is also harmful to living organisms. Electric propulsion has been developed in modern electric vehicles to replace the ICE.The aim of this research is to use both the Simulink and Simscape toolboxes in MATLAB to model the dynamics of a light commercial vehicle powered by electric propulsion. This research focuses on a Volkswagen Crafter with a diesel propulsion engine manufactured in 2020. A rear-wheel driven electric powertrain based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor was designed to replace its front-wheel driven diesel engine in an urban environment at low average speeds.In this research, a Nissan Leaf battery with a nominal voltage of 360 V and a capacity of 24 kWh was modelled to serve as the energy source of the electric drivetrain. The New European Driving Cycle was used in this research to evaluate the electric propulsion. Another test input such as a speed ramp was also used to test the vehicle under different road conditions. A Proportional Integral controller was applied to control the speed of both the vehicle and synchronous motor. Different driving cycles were used to test the vehicle. The vehicle demonstrated a good tracking capability in each type of test. In addition, this research determined that the fuel economy of electric vehicles is approximately 19% better than that of conventional vehicles.

GNSS-technologies in testing automotive ADAS-system

In this article modern technologies are reviewed, they are used in testing ADAS systems, the principle of which is based on the use of global navigation systems (GNSS) and the using of differential corrections. The specialists of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R. E. Alekseev have developed a schematic diagram in which Racelogic measuring equipment is used. The performance of the testing system was verified during tests of a bus based on a light commercial vehicle GAZelle Next while simulating the operation of the adaptive cruise control function. In the conclusion, graphs of a number of measured parameters are presented, the nature of the change in time confirms the correct functioning of the measuring equipment. Keywords: GNSS, Glonass, GPS, ADAS, testing, radiocommunication, RTK

Methods and simulation to reduce fuel consumption in driving cycles for category N1 motor vehicles

The paper presents the results of using the simulation model estimating the fuel consumption of a light commercial vehicle in road traffic cycles; virtual tests are performed. The impact analysis of the motor vehicle design parameters on fuel consumption in NEDC and WLTC cycles is conducted. Numerical values of average fuel consumption are obtained for variation of the main parameters of the structure in NEDC and WLTC cycles. Energy distribution is shown during the motion of category N1 light commercial vehicle.