Nuclear mRNA metabolism drives selective basket assembly on a subset of nuclear pores in budding yeast

To determine which transcripts should reach the cytoplasm for translation, eukaryotic cells have established mechanisms to regulate selective mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The nuclear basket, a substructure of the NPC protruding into the nucleoplasm, is thought to function as a stable platform where mRNA-protein complexes (mRNPs) are rearranged and undergo quality control (QC) prior to export, ensuring that only mature mRNAs reach the cytoplasm. Here, we use proteomic, genetic, live-cell, and single-molecule resolution microscopy approaches in budding yeast to demonstrate that baskets assemble only on a subset of NPCs and that basket formation is dependent on RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription and subsequent mRNP processing. Specifically, we observe that the cleavage and polyadenylation machinery, the poly(A)-binding protein Pab1, and pre-mRNA-leakage factor Pml39 are required for basket assembly. We further show that while all nuclear pores can bind Mlp1, baskets assemble only on a subset of nucleoplasmic NPCs and these basket-containing pores associate a distinct protein and RNA interactome. Taken together, our data points towards nuclear pore heterogeneity and an RNA-dependent mechanism for functionalization of nuclear pores in budding yeast through nuclear basket assembly.

A General Investigation on the Differential Leakage Factor for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Multiphase Winding Design

This work provides an investigation based on a fast estimation of the degree of unbalance (D.U.%) and the differential leakage factor (σ0) of multiphase electrical machine windings. This analysis is carried out by exploring almost 5000 combinations in terms of number of slots, pole pairs, phases and layers. The variability of the leakage factor is examined for each condition, defining an optimal region for its minimization. As a result, an extended mapping is carried out for both the degree of unbalance and the leakage factor, providing a useful tool during the early design stage of winding configurations for multiphase electric machines, even with slight asymmetries. The results obtained from this investigation are validated through finite element analysis and demonstrate that the differential leakage factor can be significantly reduced by adopting winding configurations with slight asymmetries, which also represent a valuable alternative in the electrical machine design.

Warner–Sommerfeld Impedance and Mobility Maps

This note provides additional graphical representations and curve-fit expressions for characteristics of the Warner–Sommerfeld approximate solution of the Reynolds equation for cavitating journal finite bearings. In particular, curve-fit expressions for mobility components, end-leakage factor, and positive film pressure extent are provided in support of previously published graphical representations of the data.

The Improvement of Product Quality and Production Capacity of Metal Coin Dies by Tempering Treatment and PVD TiN Coating in IsodurTM Steel

In industry of coins production, dies is proportionally compared with the production of coin. Dies, one of the essential components, is externally influenced by geometry, relief, setting parameter production and others. While, internally dies will be affected by its physical property and surface treatment. Phenomenon of dimension deformation and poor wear resistance on dies surface, are part of leakage factor in coin production. In this research, the mechanical properties of IsodurTM steel is being controlled by heat treatment especially tempering treatment and TiN PVD coating with arc cathodic method, in order to produce coining dies. IsodurTM steel samples are heated until temperature 1080◦C in 30 minutes, then samples are quenched and has a single and double tempered treatment at temperature 550◦C in each. After that, samples are coating with TiN and have variables of PVD process holding time 6 and 12 minutes. The result show that hardness of single temper treatment is 62.9 HRC on temperature 550◦C is constant in IsodurTM steel. While the double tempering treatment will decrease the hardness becoming 61.49 HRC and it will make the microstructure being finer than single tempering treatment. The variables of holding time PVD 6 and 12 minutes do not influence the roughness surface relief of coining dies, but they affect the wear resistance that is showed in average capacity production about 251,552 and 262,403 coin per dies by single tempered treatment, and average capacity production about 355,625 and 359,243 coin per dies by double tempered treatment.