The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut microbiota composition and its role in osteoclastogenesis and the bone healing process, specifically in the case of osteoporosis. Although the natural physiologic processes of bone healing and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and bone disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests that a healthy microbiome is tied to bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this connection is still somewhat enigmatic. Based on the literature, a relationship between the microbiome, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) is contemplated and explored in this review. Studies have proposed various mechanisms of gut microbiome interaction with osteoclastogenesis and bone health, including micro-RNA, insulin-like growth factor 1, and immune system mediation. However, alterations to the gut microbiome secondary to pharmaceutical and surgical interventions cannot be discounted and are discussed in the context of clinical therapeutic consideration. The literature on probiotics and their mechanisms of action is examined in the context of bone healing. The known and hypothesized interactions of common osteoporosis drugs and the human gut microbiome are examined. Since dysbiosis in the gut microbiota can function as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity, it may also be a pharmacological and nutraceutical (i.e., pre- and probiotics) therapeutic target to promote bone homeostasis.

Multimodal prognosis of negative symptom severity in individuals at increased risk of developing psychosis

Negative symptoms occur frequently in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and contribute to functional impairments. The aim of this study was to predict negative symptom severity in CHR after 9 months. Predictive models either included baseline negative symptoms measured with the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS-N), whole-brain gyrification, or both to forecast negative symptoms of at least moderate severity in 94 CHR. We also conducted sequential risk stratification to stratify CHR into different risk groups based on the SIPS-N and gyrification model. Additionally, we assessed the models’ ability to predict functional outcomes in CHR and their transdiagnostic generalizability to predict negative symptoms in 96 patients with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) and 97 patients with recent-onset depression (ROD). Baseline SIPS-N and gyrification predicted moderate/severe negative symptoms with significant balanced accuracies of 68 and 62%, while the combined model achieved 73% accuracy. Sequential risk stratification stratified CHR into a high (83%), medium (40–64%), and low (19%) risk group regarding their risk of having moderate/severe negative symptoms at 9 months follow-up. The baseline SIPS-N model was also able to predict social (61%), but not role functioning (59%) at above-chance accuracies, whereas the gyrification model achieved significant accuracies in predicting both social (76%) and role (74%) functioning in CHR. Finally, only the baseline SIPS-N model showed transdiagnostic generalization to ROP (63%). This study delivers a multimodal prognostic model to identify those CHR with a clinically relevant negative symptom severity and functional impairments, potentially requiring further therapeutic consideration.

Cellular Clocks in Hyperoxia Effects on [Ca2+]i Regulation in Developing Human Airway Smooth Muscle

Supplemental O2 (hyperoxia) is necessary for preterm infant survival but is associated with development of bronchial airway hyperreactivity and childhood asthma. Understanding early mechanisms that link hyperoxia to altered airway structure and function are key to developing advanced therapies. We previously showed that even moderate hyperoxia (50% O2) enhances intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and proliferation of human fetal airway smooth muscle (fASM), thereby facilitating bronchoconstriction and remodeling. Here, we introduce cellular clock biology as a novel mechanism linking early oxygen exposure to airway biology. Peripheral, intracellular clocks are a network of transcription-translation feedback loops that produce circadian oscillations with downstream targets highly relevant to airway function and asthma. Premature infants suffer circadian disruption while entrainment strategies improve outcomes, highlighting the need to understand relationships between clocks and developing airways. We hypothesized that hyperoxia impacts clock function in fASM and that the clock can be leveraged to attenuate deleterious effects of O2 on the developing airway. We report that human fASM express core clock machinery (PER1, PER2, CRY1, ARNTL/BMAL1, CLOCK) that is responsive to dexamethasone and altered by O2. Disruption of the clock via siRNA-mediated PER1 or ARNTL knockdown alters store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and [Ca2+]i response to histamine in hyperoxia. Effects of O2 on [Ca2+]i are rescued by driving expression of clock proteins, via effects on the Ca2+ channels IP3R and Orai1. These data reveal a functional fASM clock that modulates [Ca2+]i regulation, particularly in hyperoxia. Harnessing clock biology may be a novel therapeutic consideration for neonatal airway diseases following prematurity.

The Treatment of Sleep Apnea and Monitoring Using Iot

Rest apnea has progressed toward becoming in the rest issue that causes more prominent worry lately because of its dismalness and mortality, higher therapeutic consideration expenses and needy individuals personal satisfaction. A few recommendations have tended to rest apnea sickness in older individuals, yet they have still some specialized confinements. Therefore, this paper introduces a creative framework dependent on haze and distributed computing advancements which in mix with IoT and enormous information stages offers new chances to manufacture novel and imaginative administrations for supporting the rest apnea and to conquer the current restrictions. Especially, the framework is based on a few low-control remote systems with heterogeneous keen gadgets (i.e, sensors and actuators). In the mist, an edge hub (Smart IoT Door) gives IoT association and interoperability and pre-handling IoT information to distinguish occasions progressively that may imperil the older's wellbeing and to act appropriately. In the cloud, a Generic Empowering Influence Context Broker oversees, stores and infuses information into the enormous information analyzer for further handling and investigating. The framework's presentation and emotional relevance are assessed utilizing more than 30 GB size datasets and a survey satisfied by medicals pro, individually. Results demonstrate that the framework information investigation improve the wellbeing experts' basic leadership to screen and guide rest apnea treatment, just as improving old individuals' personal satisfaction.

A REVIEW ON AYURVEDA PERSPECTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATION OF OLIGOZOOSPERMIA

Male infertility is one of the burning problems now a day’s and incidences of this problem increases day by day due to the disturbed pattern of living style. The Oligozoospermia is one of the conditions related to male infertility which associated with low sperm count. Ayurveda the science of Indian medical system described various terms related to male infertility such as; Kshina shukra, Kshina retasa, Alpa retasa and Shukra dosha which resembles conditions associated with oligozoospermia. Ayurveda also described various treatment modalities for the management of oligozoospermia such as use of herbs & formulation, conduction of balanced life style and diet control, etc. This article presented a conclusive review on ayurveda perspective of oligozoospermia and its management. Keywords: Ayurveda, Male Infertility, Oligozoospermia, Sperm, Vajikarana.