RIGHT-WING RADICAL STATE OF MIND IN THE BUNDESWEHR: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

The article deals with analysis of right-wing radical state of mind among the German armed forces soldiers. The author describes the most significant incidents in German army, which relate to right-wing radicalism, within the last several years, goes into details regarding senior lieutenant Franco A. case as well as uncovering right-wing cell in KSK special force unit. Among the analysis of particular cases the article contains sociological analysis of right-wing radical minds in society in general and in the army. The researcher enlists main characteristics of such feeling in the society and armed forces, as well as main markers of right-wing radicalism. Based on the attempt to forecast actions of the state to prevent further cases of political extremism in Bundeswehr prospects of situation in this sphere are evaluated.

π-Extended chalcogenoviologens with stable radical state enable enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution and static/dynamic electrochromic displays

π-Extended chalcogenoviologens with a stable radical state were synthesized and used in enhancing the visible-light-driven photochromism/hydrogen evolution and static/dynamic electrochromic displays.

PiS cannot count on winning Polish elections outright

Significance The October 13 parliamentary election will be one of the most important and consequential since 1989. If PiS wins, it will entrench and continue pushing ahead with its radical state reform programme and more assertive approach to EU and foreign policy. If the opposition wins, it is likely to try to reverse PiS reforms and remove its supporters from key state posts, but it will probably form a weak and unstable government and its legislative programme could be undermined by the PiS-supported president. Impacts If PiS is returned to office, it will press on with its programme of purging all vestiges of the communist period. It may find the von der Leyen European Commission less critical of democratic backsliding than its predecessor. Assuming no change in economic policy, growth will slow because of external factors, while remaining well above the EU average rate.

The Spread of Ideas Related to the Developmental Idealism Model in Albania

In this paper we use data from a nationally representative survey conducted in Albania in 2005 to study the spread of the worldviews, values, and beliefs of developmental idealism in the country. We find that Albanians have adopted developmental idealism, with ideas about development and developmental hierarchies that are similar to those of international elites. A substantial majority of Albanians also endorse the developmental idealist belief of an association between socioeconomic development and family matters. Many perceive development as both a cause and an effect of family change, but with more seeing it as a cause than as an effect. Albanians also perceive development as more closely related to fertility and gender equality than to age at marriage. But despite believing that development and family change are related, most Albanians continue to endorse lifetime marriage and strong intergenerational relations. This unique perception of development and demographic behavior reflects Albania's unique history with regard to economic, political and social change. We conclude that despite living in one of the most radical state socialist regimes in the world, which tried to keep its population sealed off from the outside world for many years, Albanians endorse many of the elements of developmental idealism.

Interacting Circles of Educational Desire in Rural Odisha: Students, schools, state

Children from rural Odishan Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste communities have an historically marginalized relation to schools and a corresponding greater involvement with informal education regimes and participation in everyday economic and cultural routines. Although radical state restructuring in recent decades makes rural school buildings more visible, inside the classrooms, students were often present and teachers absent. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, in Western Mayurbhanj, Odisha, I examine students’ engagement with school and argue that rural schools cannot be fully understood without examining the motivations of and interactions between three sets of stakeholders: state, local providers, and students. Further, the motivations, evaluations, and experiences of students deserve to be brought much more to the fore in light of their active roles in Mayurbhanj village schools and the significant effects of this involvement on both the nature of rural schools and the changes in rural blocks.

“It’s not just a matter of speaking…”: the vicissitudes of cross-cultural interviewing

Purpose In “Can the subaltern speak?,” Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak makes the important distinction between representation as “Vertretung” and “Darstellung.” She also produces a strong version of whom she regards as a subaltern woman. Thirty years on both the distinction between “Vertretung” and “Darstellung” and the question of who the subaltern woman is, remain extremely important, not least in methodological considerations in cross-cultural contexts. A number of questions may be asked in relation to representation, such as: how distinct are its two meanings in the interviewing context? And how do they relate to the notion of the co-production of knowledge which has gained such traction in the past three decades? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, I draw on cross-cultural interviewing experiences. Starting from the silence of illiterate rural women in a study conducted in Madhya Pradesh, India, in 2011 (Mohanraj), this paper draws on the research experiences of the author and a number of projects reported on in Cross-Cultural Interviewing (Griffin, 2016) to elucidate how one might re-think both representation and subalternality in the contemporary globalized context. Findings The experiences of cross-cultural interviewing I draw on in this paper show that in the contemporary context subalternality may be more productively understood in terms of a continuum rather than as the radical state of unreachable, unspeaking alterity that Spivak proposes. Originality/value The paper contributes new perspectives on Spivak’s notion of the unspeaking alterity of the subaltern in light of globalized developments over the past 30 years and specific experiences of cross-cultural interviewing, as these comment on Spivak’s insights.

Metastable radical state, nonreactive with oxygen, is inherent to catalysis by respiratory and photosynthetic cytochromes bc1/b6f

Oxygenic respiration and photosynthesis based on quinone redox reactions face a danger of wasteful energy dissipation by diversion of the productive electron transfer pathway through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, the widespread quinone oxido-reductases from the cytochrome bc family limit the amounts of released ROS to a low, perhaps just signaling, level through an as-yet-unknown mechanism. Here, we propose that a metastable radical state, nonreactive with oxygen, safely holds electrons at a local energetic minimum during the oxidation of plastohydroquinone catalyzed by the chloroplast cytochrome b6f. This intermediate state is formed by interaction of a radical with a metal cofactor of a catalytic site. Modulation of its energy level on the energy landscape in photosynthetic vs. respiratory enzymes provides a possible mechanism to adjust electron transfer rates for efficient catalysis under different oxygen tensions.