Lentilactobacillus fungorum sp. nov., isolated from spent mushroom substrates

In Japan, during a screening of lactic acid bacteria in spent mushroom substrates, an unknown bacterium was isolated and could not be assigned to any known species. Strain YK48GT is Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming and catalase-negative. The isolate grew in 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl, at 15–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and at pH 4.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YK48GT was 42.5 mol%. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain YK48GT represented a member of the genus Lentilactobacillus and showed the highest pairwise similarity to Lentilactobacillus rapi DSM 19907T (97.86 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on amino acid sequences of 466 shared protein-encoding genes also revealed that the strain was phylogenetically positioned in the genus Lentilactobacillus but did not suggest an affiliation with previously described species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain YK48GT and the type strains of phylogenetically related species were 72.2–76.6% and 19.0–21.2 %, respectively, indicating that strain YK48GT represents a novel species within the genus Lentilactobacillus . Phenotypic data further confirmed the differentiation of strain YK48GT from other members of the genus Lentilactobacillus . According to the results of the polyphasic characterization presented in this study, strain YK48GT represents a novel species of the genus Lentilactobacillus , for which the name Lentilactobacillus fungorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YK48GT (=JCM 32598T=DSM 107968T).

Polyphasic Characterization of Microbiota of “Mastredda”, a Traditional Wooden Tool Used during the Production of PDO Provola dei Nebrodi Cheese

The biofilms of the wooden tables used for the acidification of the curd were investigated for PDO Provola dei Nebrodi cheese, a traditional stretched cheese made in eastern Sicily (southern Italy) from raw cows’ milk. To this purpose the wooden tables of four dairy facilities were analysed for their microbiota by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and a combined culture-independent and -dependent microbiological approach. SEM inspection showed an almost continuous biofilm formation. MiSeq Illumina analysis identified 8 phyla, 16 classes, 25 orders, 47 families and 50 genera. Corynebacterium, Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were detected in all samples. In particular, the LAB genera detected on all wooden tables were Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Lactococcus. LAB dominated the surfaces of all wooden tables with levels higher than 7.0 Log CFU/cm2. In particular, the LAB found at the highest levels were mesophilic cocci. Coagulase positive staphylococci, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli were never detected. Twenty-seven dominating LAB strains were identified within the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Levilactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus. This work showed that the wooden table used during the production of PDO Provola dei Nebrodi cheese is a safe system and a microbiologically active tool.

Isolation and Polyphasic Characterization of Desulfuromonas versatilis sp. Nov., an Electrogenic Bacteria Capable of Versatile Metabolism Isolated from a Graphene Oxide-Reducing Enrichment Culture

In this study, a novel electrogenic bacterium denoted as strain NIT-T3 of the genus Desulfuromonas was isolated from a graphene-oxide-reducing enrichment culture that was originally obtained from a mixture of seawater and coastal sand. Strain NIT-T3 utilized hydrogen and various organic acids as electron donors and exhibited respiration using electrodes, ferric iron, nitrate, and elemental sulfur. The strain contained C16:1ω7c, C16:0, and C15:0 as major fatty acids and MK-8, 9, and 7 as the major respiratory quinones. Strain NIT-T3 contained four 16S rRNA genes and showed 95.7% similarity to Desulfuromonasmichiganensis BB1T, the closest relative. The genome was 4.7 Mbp in size and encoded 76 putative c-type cytochromes, which included 6 unique c-type cytochromes (<40% identity) compared to those in the database. Based on the physiological and genetic uniqueness, and wide metabolic capability, strain NIT-T3 is proposed as a type strain of ‘Desulfuromonas versatilis’ sp. nov.

Mesonia hitae sp. nov., isolated from the seawater of the South Atlantic Ocean

A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic and short rod-shaped bacterial strain R32T, was isolated from seawater of the South Atlantic Ocean. Strain R32T grew at 10–40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum 7.0), and in the presence of 3–8 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 5 %). Cells were oxidase- and catalase-positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain R32T shared the highest similarities with Mesonia oceanica (98.3 %), followed by Salegentibacter salarius (93.0 %), Salegentibacter mishustinae (92.8 %), Salegentibacter salegens (92.5 %) and Mesonia maritima (92.4 %). The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (32.7 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (21.1 %). Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was detected as the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipids found were phosphatidylethanolamine, three aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 35.0 mol%. The ANI value and dDDH value between strain R32T and the Salegentibacter and Mesonia species were 70.5–85.8 % and 18.7–30.5 %, respectively. Based on the results of the polyphasic characterization, strain R32T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mesonia , for which the name Mesonia hitae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R32T (=MCCC 1A09780T=KCTC 72004T).

Apilactobacillus nanyangensis sp. nov., Secundilactobacillus hailunensis sp. nov., Secundilactobacillus yichangensis sp. nov., Levilactobacillus andaensis sp. nov., Levilactobacillus wangkuiensis sp. nov., Levilactobacillus lanxiensis sp. nov., Lacticaseibacillus mingshuiensis sp. nov. and Lacticaseibacillus suilingensis sp. nov., isolated from traditional Chinese pickle and the gut of honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Thirteen Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains were isolated from Chinese traditional pickle and the gut of honeybee (Apis mellifera). These strains were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The data demonstrated that 12 of the 13 strains represented eight novel species belonging to the genera Apilactobacillus , Secundilactobacillus , Levilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus ; strains HN36-1T, 887-11T, F79-211-2T, 866-3T, 6-5(1)T, 13B17T, 117-1T and ZW152T were designated as the type strains. Based upon the data of polyphasic characterization obtained in the present study, eight novel species, Apilactobacillus nanyangensis sp. nov., Secundilactobacillus hailunensis sp. nov., Secundilactobacillus yichangensis sp. nov., Levilactobacillus andaensis sp. nov., Levilactobacillus wangkuiensis sp. nov., Levilactobacillus lanxiensis sp. nov., Lacticaseibacillus mingshuiensis sp. nov. and Lacticaseibacillus suilingensis sp. nov., are proposed and the type strains are HN36-1T (=JCM 33867T=CCTCC AB 2019385T), 887-11T (=NCIMB 15201T=CCM 8950T=JCM 33864T=CCTCC AB 2018396T), F79-211-2T (=NCIMB 15254T=JCM 33866T=CCTCC AB 2019384T), 866-3T (=JCM 33863T=CCTCC AB 2019383T), 6-5(1)T (=NCIMB 15229T=CCM 8977T=JCM 33564T=CCTCC AB 2019168T), 13B17T (=NCIMB 15230T=CCM 8979T=JCM 33565T=CCTCC AB 2019167T), 117-1T (=NCIMB 15232T=CCM 8980T=JCM 33567T) and ZW152T (=JCM 34363T=CCTCC AB 2020299T=LMG 32143T=CCM 9110T), respectively.

Pelistega ratti sp. nov. from Rattus norvegicus of Hainan island

Two strains (NLN63T and NLN82) of Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, bacilli-shaped organisms were isolated from the faecal samples of two separate Rattus norvegicus in Baisha county of Hainan Province, Southern PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the near full-length 16S rRNA sequences revealed that strain NLN63T belongs to the genus Pelistega , having maximum similarity to Pelistega suis CCUG 64465T (97.1 %), Pelistega europaea CCUG 39967T (96.2 %) and Pelistega indica DSM 27484T (96.2 %), respectively. The phylogenomic tree built on 553 core genes from genomes of 20 species in the genus Pelistega and other adjacent genera further confirmed that strains NLN63T and NLN82 form a distinct subline and exhibit specific phylogenetic affinity with P. europaea CCUG 39967T. In digital DNA–DNA hybridization analyses, strain NLN63T showed low estimated DNA reassociation values (21.4–22.6 %) with the type strains of the species in the genus Pelistega . The DNA G+C contents of strains NLN63T and NLN82 were 37.3 and 37.1 mol%, respectively. Strain NLN63T had a unique MALDI-TOF MS profile, contained Q-8 as the major quinone and C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c or both) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c or both) as the dominant fatty acids. Based upon these polyphasic characterization data obtained from the present study, a novel species of the genus Pelistega , Pelistega ratti sp. nov., is proposed with NLN63T (=GDMCC 1.1697T=JCM 33788T) as the type strain.