PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE DIABETIC FROZEN SHOULDER

The term frozen shoulder was first introduced by Codman in 1934. He described a painful shoulder condition of insidious onset that was associated with stiffness and difficulty sleeping on the affected side. Codman also identified the marked reduction in forward elevation and external rotation that are the hallmarks of the disease. Long before Codman, in 1872, the same condition had already been labelled periarthritis by Duplay. In 1945, Naviesar coined the term adhesive capsulitis. [2] The pathophysiology of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) is poorly understood. Most authors have reported various degrees of inflammatory changes in the synovial membrane. Adhesions between the shoulder capsule and the humeral head have been noted by some, but not all, authors. [4] The aetiology of periarthritis of the shoulder, however, is not clearly understood. Amongst the factors suggested are trauma myocardial infarction hemiplegia, pulmonary tuberculosis, thyrotoxicosis, cerebral tumour, and epilepsy. [7] Subjects with Frozen Shoulder Syndrome group A treated with ERM and MWM and group B treated with MRM. The duration of each treatment was 3 weeks. There was an improvement in mobility and functional ability at 12 weeks in subjects treated with the 3 mobilization techniques. Comparing the effectiveness of the 3 treatment strategies in subjects with unilateral Frozen Shoulder Syndrome, ERM and MWM were more effective than MRM in increasing mobility and functional ability. [22].

COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN ULTRASOUND AND SHORTWAVE AS A PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT IN FROZEN SHOULDER CONDITION

Background: Frozen shoulder is a spontaneous onset condition, disabling and sometimes severely painful condition accompanied by progressive limitation of both active and passive movements of shoulder joint. It is one of the important conditions that could be treated by physiotherapy. Methods: Patients attending day clinic department and physiotherapy units in AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad/Iraq. A prospective study covered 94 adult patients. Results: Half (50.0%) of the sample were in the old age group (56-70) year. Female more than male (55.3%, 44.7% respectively), more than half of the patients 56.4% have right sided affected. There was no significant difference in the results between the two methods of treatment (p = 0.512). The improvement rate 57.8% is higher among those with mild degree of stiffness, although there was no significant difference between the three degrees of stiffness (p = 0.185). Conclusions: Frozen shoulder is a disabling condition and recovery needs a long-term process. Many physiotherapy options are available for the management, but there is still no consensus among the rheumatologist regarding which therapeutic option is superior. In this study both ultrasound and short-wave therapies have no difference in the outcome of frozen shoulder management.

A General Base of Power Transformation to Improve the Boundary Effect in Kernel Density without Shoulder Condition

In this paper, a general base of power transformation under the kernel method is suggested and applied in the line transect sampling to estimate abundance. The suggested estimator performs well at the boundary compared to the classical kernel estimator without using the shoulder condition assumption. The transformed estimator show smaller value of mean squared error and absolute bias from the efficiency results obtained using simulation.

Performance of Parametric Model for Line Transect Data

One of the most important sides of life is wildlife. There is growing research interest in monitoring wildlife. Line transect sampling is one of the techniques widely used for estimating the density of objects especially for animals and plants. In this research, a parametric estimator for estimation of the population abundance is developed. A new parametric model for perpendicular distances for detection function is utilised to develop the estimator. In this paper, the performance of the parametric model which was developed using a simulation study is presented. The detection function has non-increasing curve and a perfect probability at zero. Theoretically, the parametric model which has been developed is guar-anteed to satisfy the shoulder condition assumption. A simulation study is presented to validate the present model. Relative mean error (RME) and Relative Bias (RB) are used to compare the estimator with well-known existing estimators. The results of the simulation study are discussed, and the performance of the proposed model shows promising statistical properties which outperformed the existing models. Keywords: detection function, line transect data, parametric model

Is There a Decrease in the Acromiohumeral Distance Among Recreational Overhead Athletes With Rotator Cuff–Related Shoulder Pain?

Context: Recreational overhead athletes are exposed to high overload, which increases the risk of shoulder injuries. Reduction of the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) is often associated with rotator cuff–related shoulder pain (RCRSP) among the general population. However, the AHD of symptomatic shoulders of recreational athletes has not yet been compared with their asymptomatic shoulders. Objective: To compare the AHD of a symptomatic to asymptomatic shoulder at rest (0°) and 60° abduction. To establish the relationship between AHD, pain, and functional limitations of recreational athletes with RCRSP. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: A total of 45 recreational overhead athletes with RCRSP were examined. Main Outcome Measures: The AHD was measured by ultrasonography at 0° and 60° abduction (angles). Shoulder pain was assessed using a numeric pain scale, whereas functional limitations were assessed using the The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Differences in the between-shoulders condition (symptomatic and asymptomatic) were determined using 2-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. A Pearson correlation established the relationship between AHD, pain, and functional limitations. Results: No angles × shoulder condition interactions (P = .776) nor shoulder condition effects (P = .087) were detected, suggesting no significant differences (P > .05) between asymptomatic and symptomatic shoulders in the AHD at 0° or 60°. The AHD at 60° reduced significantly compared with 0° (3.05 [1.36] mm [2.77–3.33], angle effects: P < .001). The AHD at 0° and 60° was not correlated with pain or functional limitations (−.205 ≤ r ≤ .210, .167 ≤ P ≤ .585). Conclusions: The AHD of recreational athletes is not decreased in symptomatic shoulders compared with asymptomatic shoulders. Reduction of the AHD in symptomatic shoulders is not associated with an increase in pain or functional limitations of recreational athletes with RCRSP.

An Adaptation of Kernel Density Estimation for Population Abundance using Line Transect Sampling When the Shoulder Condition is Violated

Kernel estimation is a commonly used method to estimate the population density in line transect sampling. In general, the classical kernel estimator of (0) X f , which is the probability density function at perpendicular distance x  0 , inclines to be underestimated. In this study, a power transformation of perpendicular distance is proposed for the kernel estimator when the shoulder condition is violated. The mathematical properties of the proposed estimator are derived. A simulation study is also carried out for comparing the proposed estimator with the classical kernel estimators

Wearable Sensors Integrated with Virtual Reality: A Self-Guided Healthcare System Measuring Shoulder Joint Mobility for Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder is a common clinical shoulder condition. Measuring the degree of shoulder joint movement is crucial to the rehabilitation process. Such measurements can be used to evaluate the severity of patients’ condition, establish rehabilitation goals and appropriate activity difficulty levels, and understand the effects of rehabilitation. Currently, measurements of the shoulder joint movement degree are typically conducted by therapists using a protractor. However, along with the growth of telerehabilitation, measuring the shoulder joint mobility on patients’ own at home will be needed. In this study, wireless inertial sensors were combined with the virtual reality interactive technology to provide an innovative shoulder joint mobility self-measurement system that can enable patients to measure their performance of four shoulder joint movements on their own at home. Pilot clinical trials were conducted with 25 patients to confirm the feasibility of the system. In addition, the results of correlation and differential analyses compared with the results of traditional measurement methods exhibited a high correlation, verifying the accuracy of the proposed system. Moreover, according to interviews with patients, they are confident in their ability to measure shoulder joint mobility themselves.

Mayo Clinic Principles of Shoulder Surgery

Mayo Clinic Principles of Shoulder Surgery was written for individuals just starting to learn about shoulder surgery or health care providers who need a clear understanding of the basics when they occasionally evaluate a patient with a shoulder condition (i.e., family practitioners, physician assistants, physical therapists, nurses, operating room personnel), with a clear goal: convey the fundamentals of shoulder surgery concisely and thus serve as a strong foundation upon which knowledge and experience can be built. If you are a shoulder expert, this book is too simple for you. You already know the basic principles of shoulder surgery. Currently, most shoulder books are authored by multiple contributors under the guidance of one or more editors; however, the author believed that his vision would be achieved best by a single author reflecting the shoulder surgery practice at Mayo Clinic.