Weigh-in-Motion: Lightweight Real-Time Identification of Gbps Wireless Traffic

Distinguishing between wireless and wired traffic in a network middlebox is an essential ingredient for numerous applications including security monitoring and quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning. The majority of existing approaches have exploited the greater delay statistics, such as round-trip-time and inter-packet arrival time, observed in wireless traffic to infer whether the traffic is originated from Ethernet (i.e., wired) or Wi-Fi (i.e., wireless) based on the assumption that the capacity of the wireless link is much slower than that of the wired link. However, this underlying assumption is no longer valid due to increases in wireless data rates over Gbps enabled by recent Wi-Fi technologies such as 802.11ac/ax. In this paper, we revisit the problem of identifying Wi-Fi traffic in network middleboxes as the wireless link capacity approaches the capacity of the wired. We present Weigh-in-Motion, a lightweight online detection scheme, that analyzes the traffic patterns observed at the middleboxes and infers whether the traffic is originated from high-speed Wi-Fi devices. To this end, we introduce the concept of ACKBunch that captures the unique characteristics of high-speed Wi-Fi, which is further utilized to distinguish whether the observed traffic is originated from a wired or wireless device. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated via extensive real experiments, demonstrating its capability of accurately identifying wireless traffic from/to Gigabit 802.11 devices.

Novel Wireless Bioimpedance Device for Segmental Lymphedema Analysis Post Dual-Site Free Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: A Prospective Cohort Study

An innovative wireless device for bioimpedance analysis was developed for post-dual-site free vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) evaluation. Seven patients received dual-site free VLNT for unilateral upper or lower limb lymphedema. A total of 10 healthy college students were enrolled in the healthy control group. The device was applied to the affected and unaffected limbs to assess segmental alterations in bioimpedance. The affected proximal limb showed a significant increase in bioimpedance at postoperative sixth month (3.3 [2.8, 3.6], p = 0.001) with 10 kHz currents for better penetration, although the difference was not significant (3.3 [3.3, 3.8]) at 1 kHz. The bioimpedance of the affected distal limb significantly increased after dual-site free VLNT surgery, whether passing with the 1 kHz (1.6 [0.7, 3.4], p = 0.030, postoperative first month; 2.8 [1.0, 4.2], p = 0.027, postoperative third month; and 1.3 [1.3, 3.4], p = 0.009, postoperative sixth month) or 10 kHz current ((1.4 [0.5, 2.7], p = 0.049, postoperative first month; 3.2 [0.9, 6.3], p = 0.003, postoperative third month; and 3.6 [2.5, 4.1], p < 0.001, postoperative sixth month). Bioimpedance alterations on the affected distal limb were significantly correlated with follow-up time (rho = 0.456, p = 0.029 detected at 10 kHz). This bioimpedance wireless device could quantitatively monitor the interstitial fluid alterations, which is suitable for postoperative real-time surveillance.

The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human head

In this work, a numerical calculation was carried out in one of the universal programs for automatic electro-dynamic design. The calculation is aimed at obtaining numerical values for specific absorbed power (SAR). It is the SAR value that can be used to determine the effect of the antenna of a wireless device on biological objects; the dipole parameters will be selected for GSM1800. Investigation of the influence of distance to a cell phone on radiation shows that absorbed in the head of a person the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the brain decreases by three times this is a very important result the SAR value has decreased by almost three times it is acceptable results.

An Efficient BPSK Modulation and Demodulation Scheme with the Complete Removal of Fading

A novel non-coherent <i>BPSK</i> modulation and demodulation scheme is proposed to remove both slow and fast fading completely. We formulate a compound function that reflects the different characteristics of both slow and fast fading and prove that the scheme can remove fading from the function completely. The scheme is reified by a simple architecture that can remove slow and fast phase shifts completely from the received signals. It is shown by using analytical model and numerical data that the proposed scheme outperforms other ones significantly under the presence of both slow and fast fading. The analytical results also show that the proposed scheme can work well even with a small sampling rate, resulting in a wireless device with low energy consumption.

An Efficient BPSK Modulation and Demodulation Scheme with the Complete Removal of Fading

A novel non-coherent <i>BPSK</i> modulation and demodulation scheme is proposed to remove both slow and fast fading completely. We formulate a compound function that reflects the different characteristics of both slow and fast fading and prove that the scheme can remove fading from the function completely. The scheme is reified by a simple architecture that can remove slow and fast phase shifts completely from the received signals. It is shown by using analytical model and numerical data that the proposed scheme outperforms other ones significantly under the presence of both slow and fast fading. The analytical results also show that the proposed scheme can work well even with a small sampling rate, resulting in a wireless device with low energy consumption.