Minimizing Shrinkage Porosity by Optimizing Some Parameters of Al Alloy (6061T6) Using DOE

Response surface methodology is an efficient and powerful tool which is widely applied for casting optimization. In this research aluminum alloy wheel hub casting is done by using BOXBEHNKEN design, three level of each parameter were taken. Solid modeling of casting and gating system is done by CAD. Simulation of Aluminium Alloy (6061 T6) casting were perform in PRO-cast (2009.1) the simulation result indicates that selected parameters significantly affect the quality of casting. ANOVA is employed to examine the relationship between the factors. Input parameter namely flow rate, pouring temperature and runner size were taken to reduce the volume of shrinkage porosity. Experimental Design consist 15 experimental trials and output data obtained from simulation will be optimized through minitab-18. Result indicates that selected independent variables are significantly influence the response. ANOVA gives the optimized value of selected factors which reduces the porosity volume up to 30cm³. Keywords: Sand casting, Shrinkage porosity, Simulation, DOE, Response surface method.

Design and Simulation of the Two-Axis Micromachined Angular Rate Sensor

Micromechanical inertia sensors - accelerometers, gyroscopes, multisensor modules and systems based on them - are widely used in navigation, for compensation of other instruments (accelerometers, inclinometers) or stabilization (gyroscopes). The paper presents the designed construction of a MEMS angular rate sensor with two sensitivity axes, topology of gyroscope is presented; modal and static analysis is performed using ANSYS CAD; simulation results of micromechanical gyroscope operation under the action of angular velocities using VHDL-AMS are presented.

UVC LED and Conducting Yarn-Based Heater for a Smart Germicidal Face Mask to Protect against Airborne Viruses

“Wear a mask. Save lives” is the slogan of WHO and all the government agencies over the world to the public. One of the most adopted prevention measures that can limit the spread of the airborne virus in the form of respiratory viral diseases, including the new strain of COVID-19, is wearing a proper mask. If the mask surface is heated to 65 to 70 °C, it could help potentially diminish any viruses or bacteria accumulated. The FAR-Ultraviolet -C (FAR-UV-C) dose for the influenza limit to 254 nm light is ~3 mJ/cm2/hour exposure is not harmful to the human skin and eyes. Here, we propose an intelligent mask served by FAR-UV-C and conducting a yarn-based heater that could potentially be activated in a controlled manner to kill the virus. The effective irradiation intensity for skin application would be under 0.1 µW/cm2. The exposure risk of UV-C is technically prevented by fabricating multi-layered fabrics with multiple functionalities. Along with experimental validation on bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), tinker cad simulation for circuit design, and comsol multiphysics for temperature profile study, we probed Moisture Management Test (MMT) in addition with cytotoxicity risk by MTT Assay for survivability to ensure safer application potential. This novel proposed design with the germicidal combination of heating and FAR-UV-C models, described here, is promising in retaliating and combating any airborne viruses.

Modelling and prevention of meshing interference in gear skiving of internal gears

Gear skiving is a highly productive process for machining of internal gears which are required in large quantity for electric mobility transmissions. Due to the complex kinematics of gear skiving, collisions of the tool and workpiece can occur during the process. Models exist to check for collisions of the tool shank or collisions in the tool run-out. While these models are sufficient for the process design of external gear skiving, at internal gears meshing interferences between tool and workpiece can appear outside the contact plane on the clearance face of the tool. To test for meshing interference requires comprehensive assessment of workpiece, tool and process kinematics. Currently, this is often done by time consuming CAD-simulation. In contrast, this paper presents an automated geometrical model for the analysis of meshing interference. The test for collisions is thereby performed along the whole height of the tool and especially includes constructive clearance angles and eccentric tool positions. The model is developed for user-friendly implementation and practical applications. The model for avoiding meshing interference in gear skiving is validated on two different process applications. In doing so, influences of the tool and process design on the interference situation are investigated, compared and discussed. Furthermore this new approach enables the prevention of meshing interference or tooth tip collisions in the early tool design by adjusting the process kinematics or the tool design itself. The maximal viable tool height can be quantified and recommendations for improving the clearance face situation are suggested.

Effectiveness Assessment of CAD Simulation in Complex Orthopedic Surgery Practices

This experimental study defines the usage of a computer-aided surgical simulation process that is effective, safe, user-friendly, and low-cost, that achieves a detailed and realistic representation of the anatomical region of interest. The chosen tools for this purpose are state-of-the-art Computer Aided Design (CAD) software for mechanical design, and are the fundamental application dedicated to parametric modeling. These tools support different work environments, each one is for a specific type of modeling, and they allow the simulation of surgery. The result will be a faithful representation of the anatomical part both before and after the surgical procedure, screening all the intermediate phases. The doctor will assess different lines of action according to the results, then he will communicate them to the engineer who, consequently, will correct the antisymmetric issue and regenerate the model. Exact measurements of the mutual positions of the various components, skeletal and synthetic, can be achieved; all the osteosynthesis tools, necessary for the surgeon, can be included in the project according to different types of fracture to perfectly match the morphology of the bone to be treated. The method has been tested on seven clinical cases of different complexity and nature and the results of the simulations have been found to be of great effectiveness in the phase of diagnosis and of preoperative planning for the doctors and surgeons; therefore, allowing a lower risk medical operation with a better outcome. This work delivers experimental results in line with theoretical research findings in detail; moreover, full experimental and/or methodical details are provided, so that outcomes could be obtained.

Design and Analysis for the presence of Bacillus cereus in blood using Plasmons

The Photonic Waveguide biosensors are used for detection and analysis of bio-analyte. These photonic waveguides use Plasmon vibrations technique for detection of the analyte by combining biological components with physicochemical detector. FDTD which stands for finite difference time domain is used for designing a 2- D Surface Plasmonic Resonance based photonic waveguide-based biosensor for detection of the Micro-bacteria named Bacillus cereus in order to find the toxicity in the blood. For modelling and designing the photonic waveguide sensor, Rsoft CAD simulation tool is used. Monitor values, wavelength and Frequency spectrums have been observed and by using these parameters Sensitivity is calculated. A slight variation in the refractive index leads to a substantial change in the frequency which can be seen in the band structure, therefore the designed structure behaves as sensor. Therefore, designed sensor is greatly sensitive to the modifications in RI and hence it discriminates among the dissimilar constituents of the analyte.