Modification Of Various Product Pipeline System: Optimization and Scheduling

The optimal scheduling system of multi product pipelines is benefited to improve the economy and safety transportation. This paper addresses how to optimize detailed schedules of a multi-product pipeline. The study covers multi fluid pipeline by national pipeline company which is 130 Km. We concern with batching of (Gas oil, Jet fuel, Naphtha, Gasoline 80, Gasoline 95) and here comes the problem of contamination of one fluid with another which is leading fluid. This study estimates the volume of mixing zone for each interface by equation of Austin J.E and palfrey J.R, determines contaminated volume cost and storage volume needed for each cycle and assures that transportation is within flat zone and yield minimum value of interface volume providing the optimum multi-product pipeline scheduling.

A Dynamic Intersecting Arrangement Model Based on Isolated Draw Zones for Stope Structure Optimization during Sublevel Caving Mining

In this paper, stope structure optimization during sublevel caving mining is considered under the condition that the isolated draw zones (IDZs) are nonstandard ellipsoid, which is realized by dynamically adjusting the arrangement of IDZs and quantifying the degree of intersection of IDZs according to an ore profit and loss calculation model. A dynamic intersecting arrangement model based on IDZs was proposed, which can dynamically adjust the sublevel height and drift spacing according to the ore-rock bulk flow parameters, economic indicators, occurrence condition of the ore body, drilling machine, and so forth. Based on the model, the range of drift spacing, the lower volume of crestal residual ore, and the higher volume of mixing waste rock are calculated. By deducing the function of ore profit and loss, a calculation model for ore profit and loss is established to quantify the degree of intersection of IDZs and determine the best stope structure. Using the constructed dynamic intersecting arrangement model, a stope structure of −213 m to −303 m in the Yanqianshan Iron Mine was designed, with a sublevel height of 22.5 m and a drift spacing of 20.5 m. A physical drawing model was designed, and three physical simulation experiment schemes were conducted to compare and analyse the ore loss and dilution of the intersecting arrangement model and the traditional tangent arrangement model. The results showed that the loss rate decreased by 3.66% and the dilution rate increased by only 0.22%, thus verifying the effectiveness and applicability of the model to optimize the stope structure.

Predicting oligomer/polymer compatibility and the impact on nanoscale segregation in thin films

Oligomer segregation is acutely sensitive to tiny changes in compatibility or volume of mixing.

Concentration Depended Thermodynamic Properties of Fe-Co Liquid Binary Alloy

The thermodynamic properties like heat of mixing (ΔE), entropy of mixing (ΔS) and volume of mixing (ΔΩ) of Fe-Co liquid binary alloys are computed using our newly constructed parameter free model potential. We have also attempted to investigate the effect of various forms of exchange and correlation functions, namely, Hartree (H) and Taylor (T) on the thermodynamic properties of Fe-Co liquid binary alloys. It is found that the proper choice of the model potential along with the local field correction function play an important role in investigating the thermodynamic properties of Fe-Co liquid binary alloys.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS UPON CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE CALCITE-SPHEROCOBALTITE SOLID SOLUTION

The (Ca,Co)C03-H20 system was studied at 25 °C using both precipitation experiments and crystallization in silica gel in order to examine the thermodynamic properties and crystallization of the solid solution. Near the CaC03 endmember, unit cell parameters and volume of the solid phase show an almost linear variation, while near the C0CO3 endmember, the growth of a phase of low crystallinity prevented those calculations. A detailed Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) assigned this phase to a cobalt carbonate hydrate (CoCO}nH20). The fact that cell volumes are plotted above the line that corresponds to the theoretical cell volumes of the two endmembers, indicates positive value of excess volume of mixing (VE), and consequently a non-ideal solid solution. Nucleation under conditions of high supersaturation in gels showed that in all the cases the degree of cobalt incorporation in crystals was low with an average value of cobalt mole fraction (XC0CO3) around 0.03 while -even in the Co-rich zones- this value never exceeded the upper limit of 0.2. Crystal morphologies also exhibited a wide variety of forms as a function of aqueous phase composition.