Modification Of Various Product Pipeline System: Optimization and Scheduling

The optimal scheduling system of multi product pipelines is benefited to improve the economy and safety transportation. This paper addresses how to optimize detailed schedules of a multi-product pipeline. The study covers multi fluid pipeline by national pipeline company which is 130 Km. We concern with batching of (Gas oil, Jet fuel, Naphtha, Gasoline 80, Gasoline 95) and here comes the problem of contamination of one fluid with another which is leading fluid. This study estimates the volume of mixing zone for each interface by equation of Austin J.E and palfrey J.R, determines contaminated volume cost and storage volume needed for each cycle and assures that transportation is within flat zone and yield minimum value of interface volume providing the optimum multi-product pipeline scheduling.

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Optimum Selection of Hydraulic Devices for Water Hammer Control in the Pipeline Systems Using Genetic Algorithm

Volume 1: Fora, Parts A, B, C, and D ◽

10.1115/fedsm2003-45262 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bong Seong Jung ◽

Bryan W. Karney

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Steady State ◽

Optimization Problems ◽

System Optimization ◽

Water Hammer ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Optimal Size ◽

Protection Strategy ◽

Hydraulic Devices ◽

Selection Of

Genetic algorithms have been used to solve many water distribution system optimization problems, but have generally been limited to steady state or quasi-steady state optimization. However, transient events within pipe system are inevitable and the effect of water hammer should not be overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the selection, sizing and placement of hydraulic devices in a pipeline system considering its transient response. A global optimal solution using genetic algorithm suggests optimal size, location and number of hydraulic devices to cope with water hammer. This study shows that the integration of a genetic algorithm code with a transient simulator can improve both the design and the response of a pipe network. This study also shows that the selection of optimum protection strategy is an integrated problem, involving consideration of loading condition, device and system characteristics, and protection strategy. Simpler transient control systems are often found to outperform more complex ones.

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OIL SPILL RESPONSE AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE BTC PIPELINE SYSTEM IN TURKEY

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-1099 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (1) ◽

pp. 1099-1103

Author(s):

Erich R. Gundlach ◽

Murat Cekirge ◽

Robert Castle ◽

Hamish Reid ◽

Paul Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Response Strategy ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Tier 2 ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

Oil Pipeline ◽

Oil Spill Response ◽

Pipeline Equipment ◽

And Storage ◽

Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The BTC (Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan) Project includes a 42 in (107 cm) crude oil pipeline extending west from the Caspian Sea across Azerbaijan (433 km, 260 mi), through Georgia (250 km, 150 mi), and then southward through eastern Turkey (1076 km, 645 mi) to a new marine terminal at Ceyhan on the Mediterranean Sea. In Turkey, the pipeline crosses significant mountainous terrain (>2800 m, 8,500 ft), several major rivers as well as five fault zones. The marine terminal includes 7 storage tanks and a 2.7 km (1.6 mi) jetty able to handle two 300,000-dwt tankers simultaneously. The system is designed to transport 1 million barrels per day (∼145,000 t/day). The oil spill contingency plan is designed to protect sensitive areas, catchment basins, and to prevent the migration of spilled oil. Sensitive features were determined by pre-construction surveys and risk analyses, and updated by additional fieldwork focusing on the potential movement and impacts of spilled oil. Response guidelines based on risk and logistics determined the location of equipment depots and the level of equipment necessary to recover Tier 2 spill volumes. Pipeline equipment and depots are selected to rapidly recover spilled oil and to prevent its downslope and downstream movement. The marine response strategy focuses on protection of adjacent lagoons by on-water containment at the berthing area using an oil spill response vessel (OSRV), tugboats, and other workboats, and various lengths and types of booms, skimmers and storage capabilities.

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Lignite-plus-Biomass to Synthetic Jet Fuel with CO2 Capture and Storage: Design, Cost, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis for a Near-Term First-of-a-Kind Demonstration Project and Prospective Future Commercial Plants

10.2172/1438250 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chris Greig ◽

◽

Eric Larson ◽

Thomas Kreutz ◽

Johannes Meerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Co2 Capture ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Synthetic Jet ◽

Demonstration Project ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Near Term ◽

Design Cost ◽

And Storage

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A Novel Depth-First Searching Approach for Detailed Scheduling of Operations in a Multi-Product Pipeline With Multiple Pump Stations

Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring, and Maintenance; Materials and Joining ◽

10.1115/ipc2018-78341 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Liao ◽

Bohong Wang ◽

Zhengbing Li ◽

Haoran Zhang ◽

Yongtu Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Computing Time ◽

Hydraulic Calculation ◽

Current Status ◽

Time Interval ◽

Scheduling Optimization ◽

Pipeline Scheduling ◽

Pump Scheduling ◽

Pump Stations ◽

Product Pipeline

Considering market’s diversified demand and transport economy, large volumes of various refined products commonly move down the pipeline in batches, which are pumped at pump stations and delivered to respective delivery stations. The integrate detailed scheduling optimization is a sophisticated problem due to the characteristics of multi-product pipelines, such as market-oriented, fluctuated demand, various processing technique and complicated hydraulic calculation during batch migration. The integrate detailed scheduling optimization has been widely studied during the last decade, however, most of them studied pipeline scheduling and pump scheduling separately. Besides, the proposed methods are mathematical models, whose computational efficiency greatly decreases in large-scale pipeline scheduling, let alone in the problems coupling with pump scheduling. Aiming at this problem, this paper presents a novel depth-first searching approach based on flowrate ratio to deal with the detailed scheduling of operations in a multi-product pipeline with multiple pump stations. As for each single time interval, the proposed method decides an ideal flowrate ratio according to current status, then solves out the optimal flowrate that mostly conforms to the ideal ratio and satisfies all operational constraints, and finally updates information for next time interval. However, during the computational procedure, backtracking method would be adopted to modify the previous flowrate ratios and recalculate new flowrate when the actual delivered products are insufficient. Finally, a case tested on a Chinese real-world pipeline with 6 delivery stations is given to demonstrate the veracity and practicability of the proposed method. From the results, computing time of the case is within 1 minute, and the solved detailed scheduling plans can fulfill demand with stable pump operations. Besides, the proposed approach is scarcely influenced by the scale of pipeline structure and time horizon, so it is also applicable to the long-term scheduling of a pipeline with many delivery stations.

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A Multi-Module Systemic Approach for the Supply Reliability Analysis of Multi-Product Pipeline Under Pump Units Failure

Volume 2: Pipeline Safety Management Systems; Project Management, Design, Construction, and Environmental Issues; Strain Based Design; Risk and Reliability; Northern Offshore and Production Pipelines ◽

10.1115/ipc2018-78367 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xingyuan Zhou ◽

Qi Liao ◽

Mengyun Lv ◽

Haoran Zhang ◽

Yongtu Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reliability Analysis ◽

System Analysis ◽

Reliability Evaluation ◽

Systemic Approach ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Oil Supply ◽

Scheduling Method ◽

Evaluation Module ◽

Product Pipeline ◽

Supply Reliability

As the primary means of refined products transportation, multi-product pipeline plays a vital role in connecting refineries to local markets. Once disruptions occur, it will cause security issue on oil supply to downstream markets, even on the economy and stability of society. Based on the conventional reliability theory and detailed scheduling method of multi-product pipeline considering hydraulic constraints, this paper firstly proposes a multi-module systemic approach for the supply reliability analysis of multi-product pipeline under pump units failure conditions. Pump units are important corollary equipment in multi-product pipeline and their failure would affect the pipeline normal operation and downstream oil supply greatly. The approach includes three modules, namely, pump units analysis module, pipeline system analysis module and reliability evaluation module. In the pump units analysis module, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method is adopted to analyse the correlations between pump units failure modes and causes. The Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to generate different failure scenarios based on the estimated failure rate of pump units. In the pipeline system analysis module, the detailed scheduling method of multi-product pipeline is adopted to calculate the maximum supply capacity for all delivery stations under a specific scenario. Due to the difficulty in solving detailed scheduling problem considering hydraulic constraints directly, two mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are established. In the reliability evaluation module, the indexes of shortage, probability and adequacy are calculated to analyse the supply reliability quantitatively from global perspective and individual perspective. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to a real-world multi-product pipeline in Zhejiang, China. It is proved that this approach could provide significant guidelines for the supply reliability analysis of multi-product pipeline.

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Block Trace Analysis and Storage System Optimization

10.1007/978-1-4842-3928-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Xu

Keyword(s):

Trace Analysis ◽

Storage System ◽

System Optimization ◽

And Storage

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Offtaking Scheduling Software for Multi-Product Pipeline

Volume 1: Project Management; Design and Construction; Environmental Issues; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Projects and Emerging Issues; Operations and Maintenance; Pipelining in Northern Environments; Standards and Regulations ◽

10.1115/ipc2006-10062 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Yongtu Liang ◽

Jing Gong

Keyword(s):

Pipeline System ◽

Control Points ◽

Turbulence Flow ◽

Real World Application ◽

Software Program ◽

Pump Stations ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

Product Pipeline ◽

Real Test ◽

Master Clock

The main objective of this work is to exhibit the functions of a software program that prepares offtaking schedules for multi-product pipelines. The software program is currently being used on two multi-product pipelines in China. In the paper, the pipeline system modeled in the software involves several offtaking stations, pump stations, and one multi-product pipeline connected to several depots that distribute large amounts of oil products to customer markets. The background for developing this software is presented and the mathematical model utilized in the software will be given. The software can track the interface positions on the basis that the liquid is incompressible and transported adiabatically in the pipeline — the density doesn’t vary with pressure and temperature. In the model, the author adopts the advantages of variable paces to speed the calculation in the Master-Clock Method and adds interfaces’ reaching stations to the set of control points, while honoring handling contamination only at terminal station and keeping turbulence flow all time. Finally, a real-world application on the Lan-Cheng-Yu Multi-product Pipeline (LCYPP) is introduced. This is the first real test on a multi-product pipeline in China. Through the application, the characteristics and functions of the software is reported. The software provides users with a diagram for batch movement, the interface timetable, the scheduling table, the interface size, and so on. The application shows that the software is successful.

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Energy Efficiency in Transportation along with the Belt and Road Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13102607 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2607 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Usman Akbar ◽

József Popp ◽

Hameed Khan ◽

Muhammad Asif Khan ◽

Judit Oláh

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Regional Stability ◽

Bad Output ◽

Belt And Road ◽

Input Variables ◽

Oil Jet ◽

The Belt And Road

China’s huge investment in the “belt and road initiative” (BRI) may have helped improve the economic level of participating countries, but it may also be accompanied by a substantial increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The BRI corridors aim to bring regional stability and prosperity. In such efforts, energy efficiency due to increased transport has been overlooked in the recent literature. This paper employed a data envelopment analysis of the slack-based measurement (SBM) for bad output to assess the transport energy efficiency of 19 countries under the BRI economic corridors. By using the most cited transport-related input variables, such as vehicles, labor, motor oil, jet fuel, and natural gas, this study first analyzes the transport energy efficiency by first assuming the output variables individually and then takes two years as a pre- and post-BRI case by considering the aggregated output model. The results show an increase in economic activity but a decline in transport energy efficiency in terms of consumption and emissions.

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Inspection and Prioritization Methods for Small Diameter Auxiliary Piping

Volume 4: Production Pipelines and Flowlines; Project Management; Facilities Integrity Management; Operations and Maintenance; Pipelining in Northern and Offshore Environments; Strain-Based Design; Standards and Regulations ◽

10.1115/ipc2014-33593 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Pecush ◽

Mark McTavish ◽

Brian Ellestad

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Model Sets ◽

Pump Stations ◽

And Storage

To serve the pumping and storage needs of its customers; Enbridge operates more than 25 terminals and 150 pump stations across North America. In each of these facilities, small diameter (NPS 6 and smaller) piping is used in auxiliary systems including instrumentation, measurement, and product re-injection. Traditionally, in the design of facilities, this small piping has received less attention than large diameter process lines and, during construction, has typically been field run based on standard installation details. This, in conjunction with 65 years of changing design and construction philosophies, as well as asset acquisitions, has resulted in a wide variety of installation configurations across the Enbridge liquids system. The Small Diameter Piping Program in the Facilities Integrity group centrally manages the integrity of all small diameter auxiliary piping across the Enbridge liquids system. Historically, the management and remediation of small diameter systems has been based on addressing specific installation types identified through incident investigations. While generally effective at minimizing re-occurrence, this approach has been limited in its ability to proactively identify installations that should be addressed. In support of our goal of zero incidents, Enbridge has developed a proactive methodology for the inspection and prioritization of small diameter auxiliary piping. Installation types are evaluated on their susceptibility to specific damage mechanisms. An inspection and prioritization model was developed through the combination of internal lessons learned and prioritization methodologies outlined in industry publications, specifically those from the overseas oil and gas industry. This model, sets a standardized process to assign a likelihood of failure (LOF) score to individual small diameter installations of specific types and/or functions. Presently, likelihood of failure scores are used to identify installations requiring remediation, and to most effectively prioritize system-wide remediation activities. Over time, these scores will also be used to demonstrate an overall reduction in the likelihood of failure for small diameter piping in the Enbridge liquids pipeline system.

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