Entropy Optimization of First-Grade Viscoelastic Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet by Using Classical Keller-Box Scheme

Nanofluids have better surface stability, thermal absorption, and distribution capacities are produced as heat transfer fluids. In current nanofluid-transport studies, together with the heat transfer mechanisms, entropy reduction in thermo- and non-Newtonian nanofluid models with changing thermophysical characteristics is heavily addressed. The entropy production is examined as thermodynamically stable first-grade viscoelastic nanofluid (FGVNF) flow over a flat penetrable, porous barrier. The uniform porous horizontal stretching of the surface in a Darcy type of pore media results in a fluid motion disturbance. In addition, this study also includes the effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and slip conditions at the border. Under boundary layer flow and Rosseland approximations, the governing mathematical equations defining the physical features of the FGVNF flow and heat transfer models are summarized. The governing nonlinear partial differential equation is transformed by similarity variables to achieve solutions in nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Approximative solutions for reduced ordinary differential equations are obtained by the Keller Box Scheme. Two distinct types of nanofluids, Copper-Engine Oil (Cu-EO) and Zirconium Dioxide-Engine Oil (ZrO2-EO), are considered in this research. The graphs are produced to examine the effects of the different physical factors for the speed, temperature, and entropy distributions. The significant findings of this study are that the critical characteristics of (boundary layer) BL collectively promote temperature variation, including slip speed, diverse thermal conductivity, and non-Newtonian first-grade viscoelastic nanofluid, the concentration of nanoparticles as well as thermal radiation, and a high porous media. The other noteworthy observation of this study demonstrates that the (Cu-EO) FGVNF is a better conductor than (ZrO2-EO) FGVNF transmission. The entropy of the system grows the Deborah number and volume fraction parameter.

Heat Transfer Analysis of 3-D Viscoelastic Nanofluid Flow Over a Convectively Heated Porous Riga Plate with Cattaneo-Christov Double Flux

The impact of heat-absorbing viscoelastic nanofluidic flow along with a convectively heated porous Riga plate with Cattaneo-Christov double flux was analytically investigated. The Buongiorno model nanofluid was implemented with the diversity of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Making use of the transformations; the PDE systems are altered into an ODE system. We use the homotopy analysis method to solve these systems analytically. The reaction of the apposite parameters on fluid velocity, fluid temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction skin friction coefficients (SFC), local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are shown with vividly explicit details. It is found that the fluid velocities reflect a declining nature for the development of viscoelastic and porosity parameters. The liquid heat becomes rich when escalating the radiation parameter. In addition, the nanoparticle volume fraction displays a declining nature towards the higher amount of thermophoresis parameter, whereas the inverse trend was obtained for the Brownian motion parameter. We also found that the fluid temperature is increased in viscoelastic nanofluid compared to the viscous nanofluid. When we change the fluid nature from heat absorption to heat generation, the liquid temperature also rises. In addition, the fluid heat is suppressed when we change the flow medium from a stationary plate to a Riga plate for heat absorption/generation cases.

Computational Investigations of Arrhenius Activation Energy and Entropy Generation in A Viscoelastic Nanofluid Flow Thin Film Sprayed on A Stretching Cylinder

This paper investigates the two-dimensional and incompressible flow of viscoelastic nano-liquid dynamic and axisymmetric sprayed thin film deposit on a stretched cylinder. It also looked at how activation energy and entropy evaluation affected mass and heat flow. The governing equations are transformed into nonlinear differential equations using similarity transformation techniques, which are then resolved successively using a strong semi-analytical homotopy analysis method (HAM). The velocity decreases as the magnetic field strength and viscoelastic parameters are increased. The temperature rises as the Brownian motion parameter increases, while it falls as the Prandtl number, film thickness parameter, and thermophoresis parameter increase. The greater the Reynolds number and the activation energy parameter, the higher the concentration of nanoparticles. The film size increases nonlinearly with the spray rate. Entropy generation increases as the Brinkmann number, magnetic field, and thermal radiation parameters increase. A nearby agreement is signed after comparing the current investigation with published results. The results obtained, possibly under ideal conditions, could be useful for determining and architecting coating applications.

Zero and Nonzero Mass Flux Effects of Bioconvective Viscoelastic Nanofluid over a 3D Riga Surface with the Swimming of Gyrotactic Microorganisms

This work addresses 3D bioconvective viscoelastic nanofluid flow across a heated Riga surface with nonlinear radiation, swimming microorganisms, and nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are tested with zero (passive) and nonzero (active) mass flux states along with the effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The physical system is visualized via high linearity PDE systems and nondimensionalized to high linearity ordinary differential systems. The converted ordinary differential systems are solved with the aid of the homotopy analytic method (HAM). Several valuable and appropriate characteristics of related profiles are presented graphically and discussed in detail. Results of interest such as the modified Hartmann number, mixed convection parameter, bioconvection Rayleigh number, and Brownian motion parameter are discussed in terms of various profiles. The numerical coding is validated with earlier reports, and excellent agreement is observed. The microorganisms are utilized to improve the thermal conductivity of nanofluid, and this mechanism has more utilization in the oil refinery process.