Packing size effect on the liquid circulation property in an external-loop packed bubble column

Packing size effects on the fluid dynamics in an external-loop packed bubble column with Raschig rings of three different effective diameters (5, 14 and 41 mm) in the riser were investigated. The overall gas holdup, liquid circulating velocity and gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient were respectively measured by volume expansion method, tracer-response method and dynamic oxygen-absorption technique. CFD simulation with the Euler-Euler two-fluid method was used to predict the liquid circulating velocity by treating the packing as a porous medium. Compared to the empty column, the gas holdup was found to increase with the presence of packing, however, the liquid circulating velocity and gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient may increase or decrease. Specifically, the gas holdup increases with the decrease of packing size, while the liquid circulating velocity is on the contrary, which induces the maximal gas-liquid mass transfer rate at packing diameter of 14 mm.

SISTEM PENGEPAKAN DENGAN METODE SORTASI PENGATURAN KECEPATAN KONVEYOR BERDASARKAN UKURAN KEMASAN MENGGUNAKAN OUTSEAL PLC NANO V.4 DAN HAIWELL SCADA

The production process which is designed is a packaging system for the initial storage of products to be filled in the packaging, in this study a conveyor is designed that can sort objects using a proximity sensor and adjust the speed based on the size of the packaging using pulse width modulation (PWM), and can fill the packaging based on the size of the packaging. The product. Automatic control of packing using Outseal PLC Nano.V.4, the system can be controlled and monitored using Haiwell SCADA software on a PC. Outseal PLC nano V.4 test results can operate based on program commands that have been designed. The use of PWM Outseal PLC Nano V.4 on a 12 volt DC motor as a speed controller works in accordance with the duty cycle and PWM scale values given with an efficiency value of 86,56 % at at a PWM value of 900 and 86,23 % at a PWM value of 1023. HMI system made using Haiwell SCADA to control and monitor a successful packing system. Outseal PLC Nano V.4 can operate optimally with the SCADA system. The overall system test results of all sensor components, product packaging and HMI variables are 100 % successful, with an average processing time of packing size M for 11.62 seconds and size L for 14.58 seconds.

A thermodynamic model for a packing dynamical system

So far shock and vibration are the inherent properties of all packing systems, and various mitigation measures have been considered using packing materials, which result in a large packing size. Now the thing changes, this paper gives an effective thermodynamic technology that can completely avoid shock and vibration. An aerial delivery system is used as an example to elucidate the novel packing system, which requires zero loading velocity when loaded. A thermodynamic model is established to reveal the main factors affecting the packing system.

Micro-structured packed bed reactors for solar photocatalysis: impacts of packing size and material on light harnessing

The impact of the structuring material on the flow profile and light harnessing in solar reactors was quantified and discussed.

Single-Phase Flow in a Micro-Structured Packed Bed Photo-Reactor: Effect of Packing Size on Flow Regime and on the Reactor Performance for Homogeneous Photocatalysis

Dedicated research on photochemical reactors is fundamental to the application of this technology to real-life problems. In line with this trend, we report a study of structural parameters of micro-structured packed bed reactors (μPBR) regarding their ability to promote intensification. We present an investigation on the effects of the size of spherical packings on the developed flow regime, and its implications for the performance of the reactor on a photochemical reaction in aqueous phase. Tubular reactors were built with combinations of borosilicate glass tubes of two diameters (20 and 30 mm) packed with soda-lime glass spheres of three average diameters (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mm), alumina spheres of 6.0 mm diameter, and polished iron spheres of 5.0 mm diameter. Residence Time Distributions (RTD) were measured for each combination of outer tube and glass sphere sizes. Results showed that as the packing size decreases, the observed flow regime becomes closer to an ideal PFR, suggesting that smaller packings are more suitable to applications that require precise control of residence time. The aqueous-phase oxidation of benzoic acid by oxygen radicals generated by UV-A irradiation of nitrite ions was used as model photochemical reaction. We also observed that increasing the D/d_p ratio for narrower reactors faster specific reaction rates are achieved, suggesting that intensification is possible in these reactors; however, the overall yield decreases, probably due to increased photon loss. Lastly, we found that glass spheres can be replaced by alumina spheres with little loss in light-collection efficiency, indicating an attractive pathway for immobilized photocatalysis.

Single-Phase Flow in a Micro-Structured Packed Bed Photo-Reactor: Effect of Packing Size on Flow Regime and on the Reactor Performance for Homogeneous Photocatalysis

Dedicated research on photochemical reactors is fundamental to the application of this technology to real-life problems. In line with this trend, we report a study of structural parameters of micro-structured packed bed reactors (μPBR) regarding their ability to promote intensification. We present an investigation on the effects of the size of spherical packings on the developed flow regime, and its implications for the performance of the reactor on a photochemical reaction in aqueous phase. Tubular reactors were built with combinations of borosilicate glass tubes of two diameters (20 and 30 mm) packed with soda-lime glass spheres of three average diameters (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mm), alumina spheres of 6.0 mm diameter, and polished iron spheres of 5.0 mm diameter. Residence Time Distributions (RTD) were measured for each combination of outer tube and glass sphere sizes. Results showed that as the packing size decreases, the observed flow regime becomes closer to an ideal PFR, suggesting that smaller packings are more suitable to applications that require precise control of residence time. The aqueous-phase oxidation of benzoic acid by oxygen radicals generated by UV-A irradiation of nitrite ions was used as model photochemical reaction. We also observed that increasing the D/d_p ratio for narrower reactors faster specific reaction rates are achieved, suggesting that intensification is possible in these reactors; however, the overall yield decreases, probably due to increased photon loss. Lastly, we found that glass spheres can be replaced by alumina spheres with little loss in light-collection efficiency, indicating an attractive pathway for immobilized photocatalysis.

A novel integrated suspension tilting system for narrow urban vehicles

Narrow vehicles are proposed to resolve urban transportation issues such as congestion, parking, fuel consumption and pollution. They are characterized by a high ratio of centre of gravity height over track width. Such vehicles are vulnerable to rollover and stability issues when negotiating curves at a normal operating speed. Therefore, the tilting capability is crucial to such vehicles. Existing solutions, which mechanically connect the wheel module on both sides and synchronize their movement, still have room for further improvement. The extra links for synchronization not only take up space on compact urban vehicles, but also introduce additional mass to the light-weighted body. The novel tilting mechanism introduced in this work utilizes hydraulics to replace mechanical connections to generate the tilting motion. An interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension system is adopted to provide the desired bump and roll stiffness for narrow urban vehicle applications. Two independently controlled hydraulic pumps are connected to the hydraulic suspensions to provide the tilting, as well as riding height change capabilities. The integration of the tilting system with suspension reduces the system weight and packing size, both of which are vital to the success of narrow urban vehicles. All the functionalities are illustrated, modelled and examined in the simulation studies, which prove the feasibility of the proposed system on narrow urban vehicle applications resulting in more functionalities with lower complexity and weight.