Spatio-Temporal Lightning Analysis Over North Sulawesi in 2019 - 2020

This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal lightning distribution in North Sulawesi. The general meteorological condition of North Sulawesi has also been considered to identify the cause of the lightning occurrence. Lightning activity over North Sulawesi has been investigated using lightning data from Winangun Geophysical Station during 2019-2020. The result shows that in the land area of North Sulawesi, the highest lightning density occurred in the Tomohon regions due to its topographical features. Overall, the flash density over the land area is higher than the sea area due to its high atmospheric instability. The maximum flash density does not occur during the wet periods, but it occurs during September - October – November, which has a high surface temperature over this region. It is also known that shearline and low-pressure areas contribute to the high lightning occurrence in October 2019, while La Nina in the Pacific Ocean influences lightning activity in July 2020

Optical and Infrared Phase Curves of the Lava Planet K2-141 b

<p>K2-141 b is a transiting, small (1.5 RE) Ultra-Short-Period (USP) planet orbiting its star every 6.7 hours discovered by the Kepler space telescope. The planet’s high surface temperature of more than 2000 K makes it an excellent target for atmospheric studies by the observation of its thermal emission. We present 65 hours of continuous photometric observations of K2-141 b collected with Spitzer’s IRAC Channel 2 at 4.5 microns spanning 10 full phases of the orbit. Our best fit model of the Spitzer data shows no significant offset of the thermal hotspot and is inconsistent with the observed offset of the well-studied USP planet 55 Cnc e at a 3.7 sigma level. We measure an eclipse depth of 142 +/- 40 ppm and an amplitude variation of 120 +/- 40 ppm in the infrared. The joint analysis of the observations collected in the two photometric bands favors a non-zero geometric albedo with Ag = 0.26 +/- 0.07 and a tentative temperature gradient. With a dayside temperature of 2141 -361 +352 K and a night-side temperature of 1077 -623 +473 K we also find no evidence of heat redistribution on the planet. We compare the observations to a 1D rock vapor model and a 1D circulation toy model and argue that the data are best explained by a thin rock vapor atmosphere with a thermal inversion.</p>

Is Venus an analogue for Proterozoic Earth?

<p>Venus is our most Earth-like twin, from a geological standpoint, but lacks Earth-like plate tectonics. Its lower mean density implies a smaller core and relatively large mantle, which combined with the inhibited cooling effected by its high surface temperature, suggests that Venus today may be at an earlier evolutionary stage than Earth. Geologically, a global network of rifts and corona chains (e.g. Parga Chasma) indicate subsurface, plate tectonic-like, spreading ridges below a crustal detachment layer, but there are no obvious corresponding subduction zones. Subduction has been inferred locally at a few large corona (e.g. Artemis) but only in relation to specific plumes, not global plate tectonics. Elsewhere there is evidence for numerous large igneous provinces and perhaps an even larger Overturn Upwelling Zones (OUZO) event at Lada Terra. These features suggest a planet in transition from an Archaean-like regime dominated by instability and overturns, towards a more stable plate tectonic regime: i.e. a planet analogous to the early Proterozoic Earth.</p>

Surface temperature of bitumen sheets in the flat roof structure

This paper deals with the surface temperature problem of flat roofs, where bitumen sheets are used as the final waterproofing layer. Currently it is possible to find defects due to the high surface temperature of the waterproofing layer on flat roofs. The result of such a high surface temperature is, for example, the release of bitumen sheets and the sublimation of the thermal insulation from foamed polystyrene. The paper focuses on the influence of the type, the color of the sprinkling and the type of background on the surface temperature. The aim of this paper is to determine the surface temperature of bitumen sheets based on the experimental measurement depending on the type and the colour of the surface. Measurements were made during warm summer days. Samples of bitumen sheets with green, grey, blue-grey, red, white and black-grey sprinkling were used. Concrete and foamed polystyrene were used as a background under bitumen sheets.

MODELING TIDE’S INFLUENCE ON SEAWALL’S SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN TROPICAL REGIONS

In tropical regions, intense solar radiation on seawall can lead to a high surface temperature, which far exceeds common marine species’ tolerable limits. This is a primary reason for low biodiversity on Singapore’s seawalls and therefore must be considered in eco-engineering practices. The intertidal zone of a seawall is periodically submerged and cooled by the tidal motion, and therefore can support a local ecosystem. The objective of this research is to establish a predictive model for surface temperature of seawall’s intertidal zone and use this model to study how local biodiversity is affected by the occurrence of high temperature.