Morphohistology and Biometric Characteristics of Cecal Tonsils of Sonali Chicken at Post-Hatching Ages

Knowledge of basic structures is prerequisite for acquiring an in-depth idea about the physiology and immunology of the lymphoid system. The study evaluates the age related histomorphometry of cecal tonsil of Sonali chicken at different postnatal stages in Bangladesh as literatures regarding this are very scarce. The investigation was carried out on 25 healthy Sonali chickens representing different stage of postnatal life: days 1, 14, 28, 42, and 56 (n=5). After ethically sacrifice (cervical subluxation method), cecal tonsil was collected and subjected for both gross and histological studies. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was done for microscopic study. Morphologically, cecal tonsils were located bilaterally at the junction of small and large intestine. It had tubular structure and yellowish white in color. All gross parameters (weight, length, and width) found to be increased significantly (P<0.05) throughout the whole study period. Weight was measured 0.022±0.001 g at day 1 and noticed 0.181±0.016 g at the end of study tenure. The microscopic observations revealed that at day 28 encapsulated lymphatic nodules was present along with the diffuse lymphocytes at the lamina propria and submucosa layer, which was absent at the previous study groups. At day 1, only small infiltration of lymphocytes was identified and at day 14, lymphocytes were aggregating to form lymphatic nodules. After that, age related development was noticed in histological features. The findings would be a milestone to give an idea about the gut health and immune status of Sonali chicken and provide a basis for further immunization research.

Recurrent Torticollis and Cervical Subluxation in a Pediatric Patient

Background: Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), also referred to as C1-C2 subluxation, is a misalignment of the first two vertebrae of the cervical spine. AAS typically presents with a head tilt (torticollis) with limited range of motion (ROM). Torticollis is quite common in infants, but in older children, torticollis may be an indication of AAS. Method: In this retrospective case study, the clinical history of a female pediatric patient diagnosed with atlantoaxial subluxation presenting with recurrent torticollis is reviewed. Result: The patient was initially diagnosed with torticollis during infancy; torticollis partially resolved. However, after an ear infection, the child again developed torticollis secondary to Grisel’s Syndrome. Despite undergoing physical therapy treatments, torticollis persisted. The patient was referred to neurosurgery at age nine. AAS was diagnosed after a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scan. The child was subsequently placed in halo-traction to reduce the C1-C2 subluxation. Once the alignment was acceptable, the child was placed in a halo vest. However, even after several months of noninvasive cervical spine immobilization with a halo vest and hard cervical collar, the head tilt and cervical subluxation recurred due to bone remodeling. Conclusion: The diagnosis of AAS requires both a comprehensive physical examination and imaging following presentation of torticollis. Understanding the etiology of the torticollis early on is critical in preventing the occurrence of AAS after treatment.