Introduction pages

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA), Issue 3, Volume 47, 2019: The papers published in this issue Vol 47 No 3 (2019) represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about the ecology, cultivation and utilization of the aromatic Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.); phytochemical and antioxidant properties of fresh fruits and some traditional products of wild grown raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.); biochemical characterisation and sensory evaluation of differently coloured and shaped tomato cultivars; tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of wild Prunus spinosa L. fruit extracts as natural source of bioactive compounds; cross compatibility analysis to identify suitable parents of Tagetes erecta and T. patula for heterotic hybrid breeding; genetic diversity and population structure analysis of sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) ‘Nakai’ varieties using SSR and AFLP markers. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal has moved to online-only publication at the start of 2017; beginning in 2019, the journal appears quarterly. At the same time, we maintain our standard publication, as printed form, with ‘classic’ style - volume, issue, pagination.

Новый гетерозисный гибрид томата

Представлен исходный материал для создания нового гибрида томата F1 Заур с коричневой окраской плодов, с высокими вкусовыми качествами и лежкостью. Гетерозисный гибрид предназначен для выращивания в пленочных теплицах фермерских и приусадебных хозяйств России. Дана его характеристика, в том числе в сравнении со стандартом, гибридом F1 Интуиция.The initial material for breeding of a new hybrid of tomato F1 Zaur with brown colour of fruits, with high taste and keeping quality is presented. The heterotic hybrid is intended for growing in plastic greenhouses of farms and household farms of Russia. Its characteristic is given, including in comparison with the standard, hybrid F1 Intuition.

Phenotypic Dissimilarities among Inbreds of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

For development of single cross hybrids in maize, developed inbreds must be evaluated for the determination of highly heterotic inbred combination (HIC). One of the best methodologies for determination of heterotic inbred combination can be multivariate analysis (MVA) or scales of phenotypic distance or dissimilarities or cluster diagram. For it, inbred must be observed for useful trait measurements. Accordingly, an experimental evaluation was conducted including promising 55 inbred lines of winter maize planting on Sep 3, 2015 at National Maize Research Program Rampur, Chitwan Nepal (NMRP/NARC). The distant inbred lines were determined through MVA. Single plot research technique was done where each inbred line was provided with 2 rows of 20 plants each. Data were taken for fifteen traits. By the use of MINITAB software, the data was analysed. Graphics of principle component analysis (PCA) cluster diagram (CD or dendogram) were constructed and phenotypic dissimilarities are examined.The distant inbreds RML-8, RML-88, RML-13, RML-103, RML-89, RML-102, RML-11, RML-17, RML-83,RML-98,RML-85,RML-86,RML-94 and RML-28 could be crossed with RML-75,RML-6,RML-68,RML-36 and RML-32 which could be used as tester inbred for heterotic hybrid combination. Similarly, RML-98, RML-85, RML-86, RML-94 and RML-28 could be crossed with RML-24, RML-96 and RML-99. Though distant inbred, RML-104 had less ASI but it wasn’t feasible to use for crossing due to higher anthesis tasseling interval.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 359-364

Production of Heterotic Hybrid in Rohu (Labeo rohita) Through Strain Crossing

As a genetic means of aquaculture development, hybridization can increase production quickly in fishes because of heterotic effect. At the backdrop of reports on the decline of growth and reproduction of the hatchery population of Labeo rohita in Bangladesh, a 3 months study was undertaken to see the heterotic effect by intra-specific crossing among the Padma, Jamuna and Hatchery strains of rohu. Six reciprocal crosses and 3 pure crosses were obtained. The fertilization and hatching rates of the developing embryos were found better in the parental crosses than the reciprocal intra-specific hybrids. The growth performance of reciprocal crosses showed significant differences (P< 0.05) over the parental crosses. The best growth performance was observed in Padma ? X Jamuna ? hybrids; providing 72% positive heterosis. Since the growth rate of strain crossed hybrids were reasonably high, this technique can be profitably applied for the production of fast growing seed to ensure higher fish production and more profit.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5035 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 32-38

Genetic variability among cassava accessions based on SSR markers

The aim of this study was to characterize and estimate the genetic similarity among 93 cassava accessions. The DNA amplification was performed with 14 microsatellite primers. The amplification products were separated by a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showing a polymorphism formation, through which the accessions were discriminated against. The genetic similarity among accessions of cassava was estimated by the Dice coefficient. Cluster analysis was carried out using the UPGMA method. The polymorphic primers amplified a total of 26 alleles with 2-4 alleles per loci. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.16 to 0.96. The average values for observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.18 and 0.46, respectively. Twenty genetic similarity clusters were determined, demonstrating diversity among accessions, suggesting the possibility of heterotic hybrid generation.

Genetic Dissection of an Elite Rice Hybrid Revealed That Heterozygotes Are Not Always Advantageous for Performance

We introduced an experimental design that produced an “immortalized F2” population allowing for complete dissection of genetic components underlying quantitative traits. Data for yield and three component traits of the immortalized F2 were collected from replicated field trials over 2 years. Using 231 marker loci, we resolved the genetic effects into individual components and assessed relative performance of all the genotypes at both single- and two-locus levels. Single-locus analysis detected 40 QTL for the four traits. Dominance effects for about one-half of the QTL were negative, resulting in little “net” positive dominance effect. Correlation between genotype heterozygosity and trait performance was low. Large numbers of digenic interactions, including AA, AD, and DD, were detected for all the traits, with AA as the most prevalent interaction. Complementary two-locus homozygotes frequently performed the best among the nine genotypes of many two-locus combinations. While cumulative small advantages over two-locus combinations may partly explain the genetic basis of heterosis of the hybrid as double heterozygotes frequently demonstrated marginal advantages, double heterozygotes were never the best genotypes in any of the two-locus combinations. It was concluded that heterozygotes were not necessarily advantageous for trait performance even among genotypes derived from such a highly heterotic hybrid.