Separation of 44Sc from 44Ti in the Context of A Generator System for Radiopharmaceutical Purposes with the Example of [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 and [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-I&T Synthesis

Today, 44Sc is an attractive radionuclide for molecular imaging with PET. In this work, we evaluated a 44Ti/44Sc radionuclide generator based on TEVA resin as a source of 44Sc. The generator prototype (5 MBq) exhibits high 44Ti retention and stable yield of 44Sc (91 ± 6 %) in 1 mL of eluate (20 bed volumes, eluent—0.1 M oxalic acid/0.2 M HCl) during one year of monitoring (more than 120 elutions). The breakthrough of 44Ti did not exceed 1.5 × 10−5% (average value was 6.5 × 10−6%). Post-processing of the eluate for further use in radiopharmaceutical synthesis was proposed. The post-processing procedure using a combination of Presep® PolyChelate and TK221 resins made it possible to obtain 44Sc-radioconjugates with high labeling yield (≥95%) while using small precursor amounts (5 nmol). The proposed method takes no more than 15 min and provides ≥90% yield relative to the 44Sc activity eluted from the generator. The labeling efficiency was demonstrated on the example of [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 and [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-I&T synthesis. Some superiority of PSMA-I&T over PSMA-617 in terms of 44Sc labeling efficiency was demonstrated (likely due to presence of DOTAGA chelator in the precursor structure). It was also shown that microwave heating of the reaction mixture considerably shortened the reaction time and improved radiolabeling yield and reproducibility of [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-617 and [44Sc]Sc-PSMA-I&T synthesis.

Animal Food Allergens Share the Formation of IgE-binding Amyloids

Several animal food allergens assembly into amyloids under gastric-like environments. These aggregated structures provide Gad m 1 with an enhanced IgE interaction due to the amyloid assembly of the epitope regions. However, whether these properties are unique of Gad m 1 or common to other food allergens has not yet been addressed. Using Bos d 5, Bos d 12 and Gal d 2 as food allergen models and Gad m 1 as control, aggregation reactions and the sera of milk, egg and fish allergic patients we have analyzed the IgE interaction of the distinct amyloids. We found that amyloids formed by Bos d 12 and Gal d 2 full-length and truncated chains are recognized by the IgEs of milk and egg allergic patient sera. As with Gad m 1, in most cases amyloid recognition is higher than that of the precursor structure. Bos d 5 was not recognized under any fold by the IgE of the sera studied. These results support that formation of IgE-binding amyloids might be a common feature to animal food allergen.

A Lattice Litany for Transition Metal Oxides

In this tribute to K Alex Müller, I describe how his early insights have influenced future decades of research on perovskite ferroelectrics and more broadly transition metal oxides (TMOs) and related quantum materials. I use his influence on my own research journey to discuss impacts in three areas: structural phase transitions, precursor structure, and quantum paraelectricity. I emphasize materials functionality in ground, metastable, and excited states arising from competitions among lattice, charge, and spin degrees of freedom, which results in highly tunable landscapes and complex networks of multiscale configurations controlling macroscopic functions. I discuss competitions between short- and long-range forces as particularly important in TMOs (and related materials classes) because of their localized and directional metal orbitals and the polarizable oxygen ions. I emphasize crucial consequences of elasticity and metal–oxygen charge transfer.

The effect of precursor structure on porous carbons produced by iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass

Glucose, starch and cellulose produce porous graphitic carbons with distinctly different properties due to different rates of catalyst formation.

Does the structure of CuZn hydroxycarbonate precursors affect the intrinsic hydrogenolysis activity of CuZn catalysts?

A comparative study of the properties and activity of catalysts derived from single-phase CuZn precursors to elucidate the effect of the precursor structure on the catalyst activity in DMA hydrogenolysis and to examine replacement of CuCr catalysts.