Holistic processing of faces and words predicts reading accuracy and speed in dyslexic readers

We compared the performance of dyslexic and typical readers on two perceptual tasks, the Vanderbilt Holistic Face Processing Task and the Holistic Word Processing Task. Both yield a metric of holistic processing that captures the extent to which participants automatically attend to information that is spatially nearby but irrelevant to the task at hand. Our results show, for the first time, that holistic processing of faces is comparable in dyslexic and typical readers but that dyslexic readers show greater holistic processing of words. Remarkably, we show that these metrics predict the performance of dyslexic readers on a standardized reading task, with more holistic processing in both tasks associated with higher accuracy and speed. In contrast, a more holistic style on the words task predicts less accurate reading of both words and pseudowords for typical readers. We discuss how these findings may guide our conceptualization of the visual deficit in dyslexia.

Design and Simulation of Voltage Measurement System Based on ADC0809

The display of ordinary voltmeter is not clear enough, the measurement range is narrow and the anti-interference ability is weak. This paper studies the design and Simulation of voltage measurement system based on ADC0809. Combined with the actual production situation, using the function that ADC0809 has 8 analog inputs and can convert the analog input into digital display, this paper designs the circuit with single chip microcomputer chip AT89S51. Combined with the working principle of a / D converter and DC digital voltmeter composed of them, the voltage measurement of 0-10V is realized in this paper. The experimental results show that the measurement system has the advantages of accurate reading, wide measurement range and micro power consumption.

Flow Rate Control by Means of Flow Meter and PLC Controller

This paper presents a design of a flow meter based on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The new construction of a flow meter controlled by PLC increases the possibilities for the control and automation of fluid flow. Additionally, the didactic potential of the use of simple automation in the form of a programmable logic controller was considered. A device enabling the measurement of fluid flow rate based on a PLC controller was designed, constructed, and tested. The choice of device was the Gems Sensors FT-210 series turbine flow sensor, which is characterized by low purchase and maintenance costs. The properties and the chemical resistance of polyamide-12, the material the sensor is made of, make it possible to test the flow of various types of fluids. As part of the work, an algorithm and a program controlling the device was developed based on the APB Soft software, enabling the accurate reading of the number of impulses sent by the turbine flow sensor. The results of the designed flow meter were compared with the results obtained for the Krohne VA-40 high accuracy rotameter.

Kosmologi Ibnu Arabi dan Covid-19: Relasi dan Solusi Alternatif dalam Tasawuf Filosofi

<p><span lang="EN-US">This paper aims to discuss Ibn Arabi's cosmological thinking in relation to the Covid-19 phenomenon. According to Ibn Arabi, the cosmological phenomenon is a reality that does not appear by itself but comes from God. Likewise, the phenomenon of the emergence of Covid-19. Therefore, in the pressure of both physical and psychological in the face of covid-19, awareness to see this phenomenon holistically needs to be done in order to produce the right thoughts and actions. The data collection method in this paper uses accurate reading and documentation techniques. This study resulted in three data findings; 1) Ibn Arabi's cosmological concept was built on the philosophical paradigm of <em>Wahdat al-wujud</em>, God's <em>tajalli</em>, and cosmological hierarchies, 2) Ibn Arabi's cosmological relation and Covid-19 were constructed in three relational patterns, namely causal-inherent relations, symbolic-philosophical relations, and prognosis-futuristic relation, 3) alternative solutions offered in Covid-19 mitigation, namely 1) increasing theological-normative awareness, 2) increasing normative-cosmological awareness, and 3) increasing multidimensional awareness</span></p>

Validation of Remote Dielectric Sensing (ReDS) in Monitoring Adult Patients Affected by COVID-19 Pneumonia

Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) is a non-invasive electromagnetic wave technology which provides an accurate reading of lung fluid content, and it has been reported as a valid tool in monitoring heart failure patients. Considering that morphological alterations in COVID-19 include pulmonary edema, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of ReDS technology in assessing the excess of lung fluid status in COVID-19 pneumonia, as compared to CT scans. In this pilot single center study, confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled on admission to an intermediate care unit. Measurements with the ReDS system and CT scans were performed on admission and at weeks 1 and 2. Eleven patients were recruited. The average change in ReDS was −3.1 ± 1.7 after one week (p = 0.001) and −4.6 ± 2.9 after two weeks (p = 0.006). A similar trend was seen in total CT score (−3.3 ± 2.1, p = 0.001). The level of agreement between ReDS and CT changes yielded a perfect result. Statistically significant changes were observed in lactate dehydrogenase, lymphocytes, and c-reactive protein over 2 weeks. This pilot study shows that ReDS can track changes in lung involvement according to the severity of COVID-19. Further studies to detect early clinical deterioration are needed.

Readiness or Impairment: Cognitive and Linguistic Differences Between Children Who Learn to Read and Those Who Exhibit Difficulties With Reading in Kindergarten Compared to Their Achievements at the End of First Grade

Many studies have attempted to identify measures that predict reading abilities. The results of these studies may be inclined to over-identification of children considered at risk in kindergarten but who achieve parity in reading by the end of first grade. Therefore, the current study sought to analyze the specific cognitive and linguistic predictors of reading accuracy and reading speed separately. Additionally, the study examined if it is possible to use empirically validated measures to distinguish between children who are not ready to learn how to read in kindergarten but manage to acquire reading skills by the end of first grade, and those who continue to exhibit difficulties. The study followed 98 kindergarteners (43 boys and 55 girls) aged 4 years 10 months to six years from three different schools, who were taught how to read in kindergarten. Multiple measures of general cognitive skills, linguistic abilities, and reading abilities were measured at three different points in time: the beginning of kindergarten, the end of kindergarten, and the end of first grade. The study found that most of the children with good literacy and cognitive abilities learned how to read by the end of kindergarten. The analysis revealed a significant difference in cognitive abilities, such as executive functions and memory, which distinguished between the ability to acquire fluent reading and accurate reading. The study was able to successfully distinguish between “children with difficulties” and “un-ready” children. These results have various implications, especially in regard to the identification of and intervention with kindergarten children at risk for reading disabilities.

Alpine heritage in Swiss publications

Switzerland boasts a wide production of publications dedicated to its architectural heritage that offer an articulated overview of Swiss architecture from the so-called bourgeois to the rural one. Starting from the monumental study by the philologist Jakob Hunziker (1827-1901) on the Swiss house in its landscape and historical development, two series of books have been written, namely Die Bauernhäuser der Schweiz and Das Bürgerhaus in der Schweiz. The peculiarity of these two series is their method and completeness, the result, among other things, of a careful cultural policy capable of finding and organizing the necessary means. In this context, there are some publications with substantially different approaches to those mentioned above. The fundamental difference lies in the fact that the analyses and descriptions are not limited to the single artefacts but investigate their ways of aggregation, relating the building typology with urban morphology. This is one of the characteristics of La costruzione del territorio nel Canton Ticino by Aldo Rossi, Eraldo Consolascio, and Max Bosshard, published in 1979 by the Fondazione Ticino Nostro. In this publication, there is no solution of continuity between the vernacular buildings and the more “noble” ones, often rather ancient and the result of an extraordinary ability to include and combine elements. The example of La costruzione del territorio was followed by other publications that share its same methods and objectives. Among these, two volumes dated 1983 should be noted; they are dedicated to the villages of Avers and Soglio respectively and both were created by the Department of Architecture of the Technical School of Muttenz. In these publications, renouncing the separation between vernacular buildings and bourgeois houses leads to a more accurate reading of the real size of the settlements, as opposed to the idyllic image of the mountain village consisting exclusively of rural artefacts.

Restoration of the tombstone of Princess Elena from the Church of the St.- Theodore of Saint Alexander Nevsky Lavra

The article discusses the process of restoration of a stone tombstone from the burial of the court aristocracy of the Russian Empire of the XIX century. The monument is notable for its location, which symbolically and culturologically associates it with the complex of funerary monuments of the necropolis of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, representing objects of cultural heritage. The need to restore the tombstone generates the need to study the biography of the deceased, a historical person associated with various significant events. It is important that the author of the article is a restorer, an active participant in the restoration of stone slabs, a specialist in the restoration of stone as a material of architectural monuments, sculpture and applied art. The article analyzes in detail the methods of restoration of objects of this kind, describes the processes of clearing the stone, the mechanical connection of disparate fragments into a single whole. Much attention is paid to the technical and technological aspects of restoration, chemistry and physics of the materials used. The restoration of the slab resulted in the possibility of accurate reading of its text, made in Georgian and Russian.

Structural insights into mRNA reading frame regulation by tRNA modification and slippery codon–anticodon pairing

Modifications in the tRNA anticodon loop, adjacent to the three-nucleotide anticodon, influence translation fidelity by stabilizing the tRNA to allow for accurate reading of the mRNA genetic code. One example is the N1-methylguanosine modification at guanine nucleotide 37 (m1G37) located in the anticodon loop andimmediately adjacent to the anticodon nucleotides 34, 35, 36. The absence of m1G37 in tRNAPro causes +1 frameshifting on polynucleotide, slippery codons. Here, we report structures of the bacterial ribosome containing tRNAPro bound to either cognate or slippery codons to determine how the m1G37 modification prevents mRNA frameshifting. The structures reveal that certain codon–anticodon contexts and the lack of m1G37 destabilize interactions of tRNAPro with the P site of the ribosome, causing large conformational changes typically only seen during EF-G-mediated translocation of the mRNA-tRNA pairs. These studies provide molecular insights into how m1G37 stabilizes the interactions of tRNAPro with the ribosome in the context of a slippery mRNA codon.

Helicopter Pilots’ Tasks, Subjective Workload, and the Role of External Visual Cues During Shipboard Landing

Helicopter shipboard landing is a cognitively complex task that is challenging both for pilots and their crew. Effective communication, accurate reading of the flight instruments, as well as monitoring of the external environment are crucial for a successful landing. In particular, the final phases of landing are critical as they imply high workload situations in an unstable environment with restricted space. In the present qualitative study, we interviewed ten helicopter pilots from the Italian Navy using an applied cognitive task analysis approach. We aimed to obtain a detailed description of the landing procedure, and to identify relevant factors that affect pilots’ workload, performance, and safety. Based on the content analysis of the interviews, we have identified six distinct phases of approaching and landing on a ship deck and four categories of factors that may significantly affect pilots’ performance and safety of the landing procedure. Consistent with previous studies, our findings suggest that external visual cueing is vital for a successful landing, in particular during the last phases of landing. Therefore, based on the pilots’ statements, we provide suggestions for possible improvements of external visual cues that have the potential to reduce pilots’ workload and improve the overall safety of landing operations.