Gattaca: Base pair resolution mutation tracking for somatic evolution studies using agent-based models

Gattaca provides the first base-pair resolution artificial genomes for tracking somatic mutations within agent based modeling. Through the incorporation of human reference genomes, mutational context, sequence coverage/error information Gattaca is able to realistically provide comparable sequence data for in-silico comparative evolution studies with human somatic evolution studies. This user-friendly method, incorporated into each in-silico cell, allows us to fully capture somatic mutation spectra and evolution.

Perbandingan Akurasi dan Efisiensi antara Survei dengan Kerangka Complete listing dan Mapping

Kegiatan pengumpulan data melalui survei skala besar sering dihadapkan pada kendala waktu, tenaga, dan biaya operasional, terutama apabila data yang akan dikumpulkan bersifat segera. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan survei rapid. Namun, survei rapid menggunakan kerangka sampel mapping yang mana tidak memuat seluruh unit observasi sehingga menghasilkan coverage error yang berpengaruh pada nilai estimasinya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai coverage error dan bias yang didapat kemudian membandingkan akurasi dan efisiensi antara survei dengan kerangka complete listing dan kerangka mapping. Tahapan penelitian berupa pembangunan kerangka, simulasi, perhitungan indikator, perbandingan RMSE, dan analisis efisiensi. Hasil estimasi pada kerangka mapping underestimate dan memiliki bias serta memiliki akurasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan survei kerangka complete listing. Survei dengan kerangka mapping lebih efisien saat fix RMSE dan tidak lebih efisien dari survei dengan kerangka complete listing saat fix time.

Uncertainty About the Size of the Unauthorized Foreign-Born Population in the United States

One of the most common methods for estimating the U.S. unauthorized foreign-born population is the residual method. Over the last decade, residual estimates have typically fallen within a narrow range of 10.5 to 12 million. Yet it remains unclear how sensitive residual estimates are to their underlying assumptions. We examine the extent to which estimates may plausibly vary owing to uncertainties in their underlying assumptions about coverage error, emigration, and mortality. Findings show that most of the range in residual estimates derives from uncertainty about emigration rates among legal permanent residents, naturalized citizens, and humanitarian entrants (LNH); estimates are less sensitive to assumptions about mortality among the LNH foreign-born and coverage error for the unauthorized and LNH populations in U.S. Census Bureau surveys. Nevertheless, uncertainty in all three assumptions contributes to a range of estimates, whereby there is a 50% chance that the unauthorized foreign-born population falls between 9.1 and 12.2 million and a 95% chance that it falls between 7.0 and 15.7 million.

Optimization in VHTS Satellite System Design with Irregular Beam Coverage for Non-Uniform Traffic Distribution

Very High Throughput Satellites (VHTS) have a pivotal role in complementing terrestrial networks to increase traffic demand. VHTS systems currently assume a uniform distribution of traffic in the service area, but in a real system, traffic demands are not uniform and are dynamic. A possible solution is to use flexible payloads, but the cost of the design increases considerably. On the other hand, a fixed payload that uses irregular beam coverage depending on traffic demand allows maintaining the cost of a fixed payload while minimizing the error between offered and required capacity. This paper presents a proposal for optimizing irregular beams coverage and beam pattern, minimizing the costs per Gbps in orbit, the Normalized Coverage Error, and Offered Capacity Error per beam. We present the analysis and performance for the case study and compare it with a previous algorithm for a uniform coverage area.

An In Vivo Spectrophotometric Analysis of Gingival Acrylic Shade Guide

Selecting shades of acrylic gingival restorative material is challenging. This study examined the shade appropriateness of five acrylic gingival restorative materials. The color was analyzed using an intraoral spectrophotometer (Crystaleye®, Olympus). The gingival color of maxillary incisors for eighty-nine patients was measured. CIELAB color coordinates (L*, a* and b*) were obtained, and the color difference ∆E (Coverage Error: CE) between shade tabs and natural gingival color of patient samples for each shade guide system were compared. Repeated ANOVA and post hoc analyses with Tukey′s HSD were performed. There was a significant difference among the mean minimum CEs of the tab sets (p < 0.01). GC Acrylic (CE = 5.89 ∆E ± 2.97) and Lucitone 199® (CE = 6.55 ± 3.33) groups exhibited CEs significantly lower than all other groups (all p < 0.001). The IvoCap® system exhibited the highest CE (10.78 ± 3.80), significantly greater than all other groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed based on sex (p = 0.055) or ethnicity (p = 0.327). The GC Acrylic and Lucitone 199® shade guides showed the lowest CEs. All guides had coverage errors above 5.89 ∆E, which is larger than ∆E thresholds of acceptability. Of the materials evaluated in this study, GC Acrylic and Lucitione 199® are best able to reproduce the clinical appearance of the gingival tissue. Many patients have tissue that cannot be reproduced accurately with currently available materials.

Color compatibility between dental structures and three different types of ceramic systems

Background To assess color compatibility between dental structures (human enamel and dentine) and three different types of ceramic systems. Methods Samples (1 and 2 mm-thick) of extracted tooth (containing dentine and enamel areas) and three ceramic systems with different shades and opacities (HT–High Translucent, T–Translucent) were prepared for this study: Vita Suprinity—VS (HT, T; A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, C2, D2) (Vita Zahnfabrik); Vita Enamic—VE (HT, T; 1M1, 1M2, 2M2, 3M2) (Vita Zahnfabrik) and Noritake Super Porcelain EX-3—NKT (A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, C2, D2) (Kuraray Noritake Dental). Reflectance measurements of all samples were performed over black backgrounds using a non-contact spectroradiometer (SpectraScan PR-670, Photo Research) under a CIE 45°/0° geometry. CIE L*a*b* color parameters were measured and CIELAB/CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00/ΔE*ab) and corresponding Coverage Error (CE) of ceramic system for dentine or enamel samples were calculated. Color data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparisons tests. CE values were interpreted by comparisons with available 50:50% acceptability color threshold (AT) for dentistry. Results Statistically significant differences in lightness were found among all ceramic systems and human dentine (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were registered between enamel and VSHT, T and VEHT. 1 mm dentine showed no statistical differences with VST and VSHT for a* coordinate, while 2 mm dentine showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) with VEHT. Thin samples (1 mm) of dentine and enamel showed significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) for b* coordinate with less translucent materials (NKT, VET and VST). For dentine samples, none of the ceramic materials provided a CE lower than AT. VSHT provided the best CE for 1 mm-thick (CE00 = 1.7, CEab = 1.9) and for 2 mm-thick (CE00 = 2.3; CEab = 2.5) enamel samples. Conclusions Color coordinates of evaluated esthetic ceramic systems were statistically different from those of human dentine in almost all cases. The evaluated ZrO2 lithium silicate glass–ceramic (VS), with its two levels of translucency, provided lower CE values with human enamel samples while conventional feldspathic ceramic (NKT) and hybrid ceramic systems (VE) demonstrated a better color compatibility with dentin samples.

Global Ensemble of Temperatures over 1850–2018: Quantification of Uncertainties in Observations, Coverage, and Spatial modelling (GETQUOCS)

Instrumental temperature records are derived from the network of in situ measurements of land and sea surface temperatures. This observational evidence is seen as fundamental to climate science. Therefore, the accuracy of these measurements is of prime importance for the analysis of temperature variability. There are spatial gaps in the distribution of instrumental temperature measurements across the globe. This lack of spatial coverage introduces coverage error. An approximate Bayesian computation based multi-resolution lattice kriging is developed and used to quantify the coverage errors through the variance of the spatial process at multiple spatial scales. It critically accounts for the variation in the parameters of this advanced spatial statistics model itself, thereby providing for the first time a full description of both the spatial coverage uncertainties along with the uncertainties in the modeling of these spatial gaps. These coverage errors are combined with the existing estimates of uncertainties due to observational issues at each station location. It results in an ensemble of 100,000 monthly temperatures fields over the entire globe that samples the combination of coverage, parametric and observational uncertainties from 1850 till 2018 over a 5° × 5° grid.

Verifying Voter Registration Records

This study investigates the reliability of Florida’s voter registration files through a phone survey, asking respondents to verify their records. We find 17.7% of registrants fail to verify at least one identifying piece of information. Applying the total survey error (TSE) framework, we classify these errors as due to coverage error, measurement error, or processing error. These inconsistencies create election administration and campaign inefficiencies, which lead to poorer voter experiences, and challenge the validity of some research based on these data. Furthermore, if registration records do not accurately capture the members of protected groups, the data are less helpful in both government monitoring and enforcement. We suggest voter registration forms should be treated like survey questionnaires so as to improve data quality with better form design, and that some vote overreport bias is attributable to limitations of voter file data, not to respondents’ vote misreporting.

Coverage Error in Data Collection Combining Mobile Surveys With Passive Measurement Using Apps: Data From a German National Survey

Researchers are combining self-reports from mobile surveys with passive data collection using sensors and apps on smartphones increasingly more often. While smartphones are commonly used in some groups of individuals, smartphone penetration is significantly lower in other groups. In addition, different operating systems (OSs) limit how mobile data can be collected passively. These limitations cause concern about coverage error in studies targeting the general population. Based on data from the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS), an annual probability-based mixed-mode survey on the labor market and poverty in Germany, we find that smartphone ownership and ownership of smartphones with specific OSs are correlated with a number of sociodemographic and substantive variables. The use of weighting techniques based on sociodemographic information available for both owners and nonowners reduces these differences but does not eliminate them.