Novel Electrode Architecture for Subgaleal Electroencephalography: A Feasibility Study

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used to understand the nervous system and as a clinical diagnostic tool. In the case of neurological conditions with intermittent episodes, such as epilepsy, long-term EEG monitoring outside the clinics and in the community setting is vital. Subgaleal EEG (sgEEG) has emerged as an essential tool for long-term monitoring over several years. Current sgEEG solutions share a need for at least a 10 cm long lead wire, resulting in a bulky and invasive device. This work introduces a novel electrode architecture for subgaleal EEG recording, which forgoes the need for lead wires. A back-to-back electrode configuration with an electrode spacing of less than 1~mm is proposed. Compared to the current side-by-side approaches with an electrode spacing of several cm, our proposed approach results in at least one order of magnitude reduction in volume. The efficacy of the proposed electrode architecture is investigated through finite element modeling, phantom measurements, and cadaver studies. Our results suggest that compared to the conventional side-by-side electrode configuration, the source signal can be recorded reliably. Lead wires have posed a significant challenge from a device reliability and measurement quality perspective. Moreover, lead wires and the associated feedthrough connectors are bulky. Our proposed lead-free EEG recording solution may lead to a less invasive surgical placement through volume reduction and improve EEG recording quality.

Blood Glucose Detection Using 3-LEDs: Analytical Model

Calibration of non-invasive blood glucose measuring devices have an important role in the routine of people with diabetes. Continuous monitoring is one of the most efficient manner to control the disease. Besides the errors associated with the user, the calibration of such devices is the key point for obtaining reliable data. Researchers have failed to correlate the 2 near-infrared-light wavelength response from skin with the blood glucose level and then use it for diagnosing both upper and lower glycaemia status. The aim of this article is to purpose a mathematical model for calculating the blood glucose level using 3-LEDs with different wavelengths. It is presented and demonstrated all equations involved by using the theory of absorption of light by photoplethysmography. The final proposed equation can be calculated without using prior data obtained from patient. It can be concluded that it is possible to reduce the necessity of using calibration processes before acquiring data by a non-invasive device.

SELF STABILISING UTENSIL FOR PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED MOTOR SKILLS

- Nowadays, there is a substantial increase in the number of people getting affected by Parkinson's Disease. The degradations of motor skills severely affect the daily activities of patients such as eating, writing, dressing, etc. This project basically proposes a non-invasive device that helps the patient to eat and perform day to day chores independently using the given attachments. This device consists of Arduino which directs the two stepper motor to cancel the tremors detected by the Inertial Measurement Unit (MPU6050) containing 3 axis gyroscope and 3 axis accelerometer which senses these tremors.

Configurable Salat oriented device for assisting disability person

The inability to perceive clearly with the eyes can affect the blind and visually impaired in doing daily activities, especially in determining direction and navigation. In order to provide a non-invasive device, a qibla finder has developed to help them to determine the desired direction. This paper presents the development of a low-cost and easy-to-handle device to detect the Qibla direction for Salat, especially the visually impaired and deafened person. A magnetic sensor used as the main component to detect the correct angle of Qibla direction. Once detected, indicators (i.e. buzzer, vibrator and LEDs) will alert the user with continuous sound, vibration and lighting sequences.

A Novel Method to Measure the Powder Consumption of Dental Air-Polishing Devices

Background: Oral preventive measures should be efficient, minimally invasive, and painless. Air-polishing has this potential. As the efficiency and abrasivity of powders are dependent on the amount of powder projected, a better understanding of this characteristic will help us to determine the most effective and least invasive device. Method: A new laboratory set-up was designed using light diffusion to measure powder consumption with high accuracy due to its high sampling rate, even at short time intervals (<1 s). We tested six different marketed air-polishers of two different working types: Table-top and Handy. Results: All of the devices presented some powder delivery fluctuations. These differences were manufacturer-dependent. The powder delivery stability varied by up to two times, and ranged among the Table-top devices in the following order: E1 < M2 < N2. The mean powder consumption also varied by up to 2.9 times, in the following order: E1 < N2 < M3. All of the Handy devices presented a short treatment time and poor flow regularity, and consumed significantly more powder than the Table-top devices (by approximately +25%). Conclusion: The powder consumption analysis showed distinct differences between the devices. Therefore, the clinical results among the devices cannot be compared, as their working mechanisms are very different.