Protrusions designs of AFRP to eliminate slippage of bonding adhesive

A presentation of a new innovative smart designs of protrusions in Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AFRP) which could lead the manufacturing industry of AFRP to a new era. The classic straight AFRP strips has a major disadvantage when externally bonded with other engineering materials using bonding adhesive. When exposed to high temperatures, the bonding adhesive slides causing a weak bondage or a complete debonding in some cases between the AFRP and engineering material surfaces. Thus, the purpose of protrusions in AFRP laminates is to eliminate the slippage of the bonding adhesive between the AFRP strips and other engineering material surfaces. This takes place by eliminating the frictional factor between the surfaces of AFRP laminate and bonded engineering material.

Research Progress of Heat Resistant Magnesium Alloys

Magnesium alloy has extremely excellent properties and is known as “21st Century Green Engineering Material”. This article mainly introduces the influence of the heat resistance and comprehensive performance of the three series of Mg-Al, Mg-Zn and Mg-RE heat-resistant magnesium alloys after adding rare earth elements, alkali metal elements and other elements. Three development directions of improving the heat resistance of magnesium alloys are prospected. These are: 1. Using cheap alloy elements (such as Ca, Si, etc.) to replace rare earth elements of the heat-resistant magnesium alloy, 2. Titanium element is added to improve heat-resistant magnesium alloy’s mechanical properties and its strength, 3. The new casting process and processing technology are used to improve the heat-resistant magnesium alloy’s properties. This article aims to provide technical reference for the development of my country’s magnesium alloy industry.

Applied Geology of Wellington Rocks for Aggregate and Concrete

<p>This study was initiated to examine geological aspects of Wellington greywacke-suite rocks in relation to their end use as an engineering material - aggregate, particularly for concrete. An attempt has been made to map (at least in part), identify and categorise rocks for quarrying in the Wellington region, to evaluate and quantify their properties as aggregates and to appraise their qualities in concrete - in short to equate rock geology to aggregate and concrete performance as a tool for resource management. Study of bedding 1ed to a classification into three lithofacies and some 70 representative samples were examined petrographically. For engineering purposes, Wellington rocks may be divided into two categories, greywacke and argillite, each having separate and distinct mineralogies and chemistries which do not alter significantly between lithofacies. Greywacke is coarser and may be distinguished from argillite texturally at a mean grain size of 5 phi (0.031 mm). Rock properties, in particular strength, modulus, density, hardness and degradation tendencies, are linked directly or indirectly with mean grain size. Argillites, though more dense, are generally weaker, softer, less elastic and degrade more readily than greywackes, the latter property being readily assessed from a newly devised test based on the destruction of chlorite by hydrochloric acid. As aggregates, greywackes produce similar particle shapes irrespective of grading. Argillites, which are generally more angular, produce concretes which are more difficult to work. Physical properties of aggregate, inherently those of its parent rock, are reflected in concrete made from it. The possibility of laumontite promoting cement alkali-silicate reaction is obviated by the mode of occurrence of minerals within the rock. Although argillite aggregates are unsuitable in certain environments and return lower strength in concrete than do greywacke aggregates, they still have a place in low strength concrete applications.</p>

Applied Geology of Wellington Rocks for Aggregate and Concrete

<p>This study was initiated to examine geological aspects of Wellington greywacke-suite rocks in relation to their end use as an engineering material - aggregate, particularly for concrete. An attempt has been made to map (at least in part), identify and categorise rocks for quarrying in the Wellington region, to evaluate and quantify their properties as aggregates and to appraise their qualities in concrete - in short to equate rock geology to aggregate and concrete performance as a tool for resource management. Study of bedding 1ed to a classification into three lithofacies and some 70 representative samples were examined petrographically. For engineering purposes, Wellington rocks may be divided into two categories, greywacke and argillite, each having separate and distinct mineralogies and chemistries which do not alter significantly between lithofacies. Greywacke is coarser and may be distinguished from argillite texturally at a mean grain size of 5 phi (0.031 mm). Rock properties, in particular strength, modulus, density, hardness and degradation tendencies, are linked directly or indirectly with mean grain size. Argillites, though more dense, are generally weaker, softer, less elastic and degrade more readily than greywackes, the latter property being readily assessed from a newly devised test based on the destruction of chlorite by hydrochloric acid. As aggregates, greywackes produce similar particle shapes irrespective of grading. Argillites, which are generally more angular, produce concretes which are more difficult to work. Physical properties of aggregate, inherently those of its parent rock, are reflected in concrete made from it. The possibility of laumontite promoting cement alkali-silicate reaction is obviated by the mode of occurrence of minerals within the rock. Although argillite aggregates are unsuitable in certain environments and return lower strength in concrete than do greywacke aggregates, they still have a place in low strength concrete applications.</p>

A Review of Codes and Standards for Bamboo Structural Design

Bamboo is a strong, fast-growing, and sustainable material. In modern times, it can be an aesthetically pleasing and low-cost alternative to more conventional materials. Despite the literature’s consideration of bamboo’s promising potential as a resilient, sustainable building material for structural element design, its application is limited. This is mainly due to the limited availability of universally applicable standards and codes to guide or assist in developing the structural element design. As a result, bamboo as an engineering material was mainly dependent on established practical traditions, intuitions of forbears, and engineering experience. This paper reviewed available structural element design standards and codes of practice. Based on the literary works, it was possible to conclude that there is a need to develop a comprehensive universally applicable bamboo design, construction standards, and code of practices, addressing several social and trade benefits as well as engineering recognition and enhanced status of bamboo as an engineering material.

Experimental Study on the Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Rebars

As we know Plain Concrete has limited ductility, strength in tension as well as low cracking resistance. Micro cracks are present in concrete and these propagates at a great extent and results in extensive brittle fracture. Experiments in past and numerous researches in the last decade were focused merely on developing novel techniques of improving tensile strength of concrete. Among these mostly used is GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) is easily available, which is low in cost than CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer), and that’s why various studies is done to strengthening of concrete by using GFRP particularly in countries like India. GF is latest introduction cum revolution in production FRC. It overpowers all the synthetic fibers, due to its excellent strength, extreme durability, supreme wear-tear resistance and exceptional tensile and impact strength. At this time GFRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) excelled as a great remedy for civil engineers. Tensile strength of GFRC lies between 1024 and 4080 N/mm2 . It is the benefit of using glass fibers in reinforcement of concrete. Construction Industry is accelerating day-by-day. Today is the scenario of sky scrapping and complex infrastructures, which results in increasing demand of basic civil engineering material i.e. cement. Engineers are looking for alternative of expensive construction since long. Cement, binder in concrete, is an expensive and exorbitant civil engineering material and it increases the Constructional budget. Not only this, but also cement marks the highest consumption throughout the world after water. The carbon credits to the environment during cement production, is an alarming issue. If it keeps following the exact pace as today, it is probable to reach annual cement production up to about 600 metric tons by 2025 in India alone and the globe will change into hot air balloon. Cement industry alone contribute to 2.4% to the total carbon emissions round the globe. To eradicate this converse effect of cement industry on the environment, engineers are working hard to find efficient substitutes which are in-expensive, eco-friendly and can possess better cementing properties. Agricultural and commercial wastes are the best choice and have the characteristics favouring their utilization in concrete production. These by-products are complete waste and if re-used in any sort releases a huge burden from environment. Keywords: Glass Fiber, Workability, Compressive strength, Compaction factor, Slump test

Leveraging a Community of Practice to Build Faculty Resilience and Support Innovations in Teaching during a Time of Crisis

Amidst the COVID-19 upheaval to higher education, a grantor-led community of practice (CoP) supported faculty members to deliver an innovative, sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship curriculum and maintain resiliency as teaching professionals. This paper discusses how through engagement in the CoP, this group of faculty from across engineering, material science, business, and geosciences demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and pivoted to create curriculum for students in real time, as the events of the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded throughout 2020 and impacted face-to-face learning. The role the community of practice played in sustaining and supporting the faculty will be discussed. Case studies from faculty members will demonstrate how sustainable design and social responsibility can be integrated into entrepreneurially focused classes and student experiences across disciplines. The primary contribution of this research is the important role that an emergent learning framework can play in informing how best to optimize the CoP format and approach in a way that leverages and addresses individual member strengths, challenges, and experiences, and supports the needs of CoP members during a time of significant change and crisis.