basement structure
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Author(s):  
Chuanyong Wu ◽  
Guangxue Ren ◽  
Siyu Wang ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Gan Chen ◽  
...  

The deformation pattern and slip partitioning related to oblique underthrusting of the Tarim Basin in the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt are not well understood because interior deformation images are lacking. The Baoertu fault is an E-W−striking, ∼350-km-long reactivated basement structure within the eastern Tian Shan. In this study, we quantify its late Quaternary activity based on interpretations of detailed high-resolution remote sensing images and field investigations. Three field observation sites along an ∼80-km-long fault segment indicate that the Baoertu fault is characterized by sinistral thrust faulting. Based on surveying of the displaced geomorphic surfaces with an unmanned drone and dating of the late Quaternary sediments using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods, we estimate a late Quaternary left-lateral, strike-slip rate of 1.87 ± 0.29 mm/yr and a N−S shortening rate of 0.26 ± 0.04 mm/yr for this fault. The lithospheric Baoertu fault acts as a decoupling zone and accommodates the left-lateral shearing caused by the oblique underthrusting of the Tarim Basin. In the eastern Tian Shan orogenic belt, the oblique convergence is partitioned into thrust faulting across the entire range and sinistral slip faulting on the high-dip basement structure within the orogen. This active faulting pattern in the eastern Tian Shan of sinistral shearing in the center and thrust faulting on both sides can be viewed as giant, crustal-scale positive flower structures.


Author(s):  
D. A. Sidorov ◽  
◽  
L. V. Lapina ◽  
N. V. Kholmanskikh ◽  
D. V. Emelyanov ◽  
...  

The article reviews features of the pre-Jurassic geological structure of the Krasnoleninsky Swell, located on the western edge of the West Siberian petroleum basin. New geological and geophysical materials are presented enabling significant clarifification of the relationships pattern between Precambrian, Paleozoic and Triassic formation complexes. The stratification of the pre-Jurassic section is based on previously known age determinations and datings made in recent years by high-precision methods. The analysis of mode of occurrence of Pre-Jurassic rock complexes is based on the interpretation of seismic materials and gravity and magnetic data. The proposed model of the Krasnoleninsky Swell pre-Jurassic basement is characterized by the significantly reduced volume of pre-Cambrian formations due to the expansion of the Paleozoic complexes area, local Paleozoic depressions at the base of the Yem-Yegovskaya and Kamennaya peaks and linear zones of development of Triassic terrigenous-volcanogenic rocks on the Talinskaya Terrace and in the Palyanovsky trough have been identified. The conclusion is made about the long and complex history of the basement structure formation in the zone of collision junction of divergent Ural and Central-West Siberian folded systems.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 2893
Author(s):  
Jinfei Chai

Based on the basic principle of thermodynamics, an elastoplastic damage constitutive model of concrete is constructed in this paper. The model is realized and verified in FLAC3D, which provides a solid foundation for the study of dynamic response and fatigue damage to the base structure of a heavy haul railway tunnel. The dynamic response and damage distribution of the base structure of a heavy-duty railway tunnel with defects were numerically simulated by the concrete elastic-plastic damage constitutive model. Then, by analyzing the response characteristics of the tunnel basement structure under different surrounding rock softening degrees, different foundation suspension range and different foundation structure damage degree are determined. The results show the following: (1) The elastoplastic damage constitutive model of concrete can well describe the stress–strain relationship of materials, especially with the simulation results of post peak softening being in good agreement with the test results, and the simulation effect of the unloading–reloading process of the cyclic loading and unloading test also meet the requirements. (2) The initial stress field and dynamic response of the tunnel basement structure under the action of train vibration load are very different from the ideal state of the structure design when the surrounding rock of the base is softened, the base is suspended, or the basement structure is damaged. With the surrounding rock softening, basement hanging, or basement structure damage developing to a certain extent, the basement structure will be damaged. (3) The horizontal dynamic stress amplitude increases with the increase in the softening degree of the basement surrounding rock. The horizontal dynamic stress of the measuring point increases with the increase in the width of the hanging out area when the hanging out area is located directly below the loading line. When the degree of damage to the basement structure is aggravated, the horizontal dynamic tensile stress of each measuring point gradually decreases. (4) The maximum principal stress increment increases with the increase in the fracture degree of the basement structure, while the minimum principal stress increment decreases with the increase in the fracture degree of the basement structure, but the variation range of the large and minimum principal stress increments is small. The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for further analysis of the damage mechanism and control technology of the foundation structure of a heavy haul railway tunnel with defects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3964
Author(s):  
Kunchao Lei ◽  
Fengshan Ma ◽  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Yong Luo ◽  
Wenjun Cui ◽  
...  

Excessive exploitation of the groundwater has resulted in obvious three-dimensional (3D) deformation features on the surface of the Beijing Plain. This paper, by combining Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies, has obtained time-series information of the 3D surface deformation in the Beijing Plain, analyzing its spatial distribution characteristics. On this basis, the relationship between different controlling factors with the 3D deformation of the surface has been analyzed as well. The following results are obtained: (1) From 2013 to 2018, the land subsidence, which generally showed the trend of slowing down, was mainly concentrated in the eastern, northern, and southern regions of Beijing Plain, with multiple subsidence centers. (2) Under the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005 (ITRF2005), the horizontal direction of all GPS points in the plain is basically the same, with the dominant movement direction being NE112.5°~NE113.8°. Under the Eurasian reference frame, the horizontal movement rate of GPS points significantly decreases. The movement rate and direction of each point are not characteristic of overall trend activity. (3) The distribution and extent of the 3D surface deformation in the Beijing Plain are controlled by the basement structure. Part of the subsided area corresponds to a Quaternary depression formed at the junction of active faults disrupting the area. Similarly, the distribution of horizontal deformation in the E-W and N-S directions of the plain is controlled by the regional basement structure comprising major faults bounding horizontal deformation. (4) Groundwater exploitation is the main cause of the 3D surface deformation in the Beijing Plain. The groundwater funnels of the second and third confined aquifer are in suitable agreement with the land subsidence. The horizontal movement in the Beijing Plain is either directed toward the center of the groundwater or the land subsidence funnel, and the deformation is directed from areas with higher to areas with lower groundwater levels.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Weibin Ma ◽  
Jinfei Chai ◽  
Zifen Li ◽  
Zili Han ◽  
Chaofeng Ma ◽  
...  

In this paper, 25-ton and 27-ton axle heavy trucks are used to carry out moving loading and dynamic real vehicle test on the cracked section, the intact section, and the repaired section of a railway tunnel foundation to test the dynamic performance of the tunnel basement structure with the change of axle loads and health conditions. By analyzing the influence law of dynamic response and fatigue life of heavy haul train under different basement conditions (intact, damaged, and repaired), the adaptability of railway tunnel equipment to freight trucks axle load is clarified. The results show that (1) the intact section of the tunnel can meet the normal operation of 25-ton and 27-ton axle load freight trains in good condition. (2) The normal operation of 25-ton and 27-ton axle load freight trucks is seriously affected by the cracked section of the tunnel. When the cracks in the tunnel basement are gradually hollowed out by groundwater, serious traffic accidents such as vehicle shaking and derailment are likely to occur. (3) The repaired section of the tunnel can meet the normal operation of 25-ton and 27-ton axle load freight trains after adopting the integrated comprehensive treatment of “Anchor-Injection-Drainage”. The research results will have reference significance for the condition assessment and disease treatment of the basement structure of the heavy haul railway tunnel.


Author(s):  
Robert Bassey Umera ◽  
Odong Peter

Qualitative and Quantitative interpretation of hand-digitized aeromagnetic data from Idah has been carried out by applying forward and inverse modeling technique. Qualitatively, wavelength and amplitudes of source bodies reveal lithologic contrast, basement structure and sedimentary magnetization contrast. The maximum depth to top of the magnetic source body obtained is 16.8m and minimum depth is 0.5m. The anomalous bodies’ total magnetic intensity ranges from a minimum negative peak value of -153.5nT to maximum value of 162.7nT. Susceptibility values obtained reveals the presence of rocks such as granite, diabase, olivine-diabase, basalt/gabbro, quartzite and diorite. Results obtained shows that hand-digitized data competes favorably with computer digitized data


Author(s):  
Daiki Nakamizo ◽  
Seiya Kimura ◽  
Yuichi Koitabashi

<p>In order to use urban space effectively in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), over-track buildings (built over railways), are becoming increasingly popular in Japan. From a construction and structural design point of view, the basement structure just beneath railways generally cannot be built while railway operations continue (interruption to operations is not permitted, In general).</p><p>This paper presents the structural design of a mid-story isolated high-rise building constructed over railways in Ikebukuro, Tokyo. The paper shows, not only the philosophy of the system, but also the structural design, full-scale experiments, and evaluation of the performance in each structural element. The authors believe that such a structural design will be one of the effective solutions to the over-track building.</p>


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