Female military personnel in the navy - a paradox or a reality?

The reorganization of the Armed Forces, which has been realized for the last decade, touched over the sexual structure of defenders of our Motherland: one can witness an increasing tendency of employing women on military service.Legal equality of sexes doesnt allow to avoid the differences between the man and the woman, which are genetically conditioned. One of the actual problems of the Army today is the task of providing optimal conditions of military service for women. The realization of this task depends first of all on principal position of the commanders of all levels. This implies the necessity of hygienic education of the commanders under the management of hygienists with the aim of radical change of their attitude to military women.

Morphobiological characteristics and taxonomic status of weather loaches (Misgurnus) in the Pad Bolshaya (Middle Amur River)

Morphological signs (32 plastic and 7 meristic) and biological parameters (size, weight, age and sexual structure, fecundity) are considered for weather loaches of gen. Misgurnus inhabiting the Pad Bolshaya (Jewish Autonomous oblast), with the body length Ad 60.2-182.4 mm, body weigh 2.3-55.3 g, age 1-8 years and sex ratio about 1 : 1 (53 % males, 47 % females). Sexual dimorphism is found for antedorsal, anteventral and ventroanal distances, tail fin base length, base length and height of pectoral, pelvic and anal fins, and maximum body height. Ontogenetic variability of morphological indices in dependence on body length is detected for 26 of 32 plastic signs, whereas the dependence of anteanal, antedorsal, pectoventral, and anteventral distances, and maximum and minimum body height on the body length is not statistically significant. Males grow slower than females. Age of puberty is 4-6 years, mean individual absolute fecundity is 7409 eggs. The analysis concluded that the weather loaches Misgurnus in the Pad Bolshaya belonged to the species Misgurnus nikolskyi (Vasil’eva, 2001).

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIATION AMONG PISTACIA ATLANTICA DESF. REGARDING SEXUAL GENOTYPES (MALE, FEMALE AND HERMAPHRODITIC) USING ISSRS. MARKERS

All Pistacia species are dioecious, male and female flowers are born on separated trees. Our recent studies identified new hermaphroditic genotypes of P. atlantica with different structure of racemes and flowers at the south of Syria. Therefore, the current research aimed to assess genetic variation among 11 genotypes (3 female, 5 hermaphroditic, 3 male) across fifteen ISSRs primers in Sweida Research Center (2018-2019). All of the primers were able to detect the polymorphism, which revealed 214 bands, 205 of them were polymorphic (95.79%). The number of bands for each primer ranged from 6 to 33, with an average 14.27 bands for each Primer. Genetic similarity among all studied genotypes ranged from (0.27) between hermaphroditic genotype (PA52) with female genotype (FA3) as well as between MA3 male genotype and FA2 female genotype, while the highest genetic similarity was 0.77 between two hermaphroditic genotypes (PA37and PA52). Cluster analysis grouped all studied genotypes into three main clusters according to their sexual structure; the first cluster contained all of the hermaphroditic genotypes and the second cluster comprised of all male genotypes, while the third cluster included all female genotypes. The results demonstrated the importance and the efficiency of ISSR technique by revealing the genetic variation among P. atlantica genotypes and separating all of them into detached clusters according to their sexual structure. Farther more, some primers were able to detect common bands in each sexual structure which might help to understand the mechanism of sexual inheritance within the studied species.

Sexual and ontogenetic structures of gynodioecious Geranium pseudosibiricum J. Mayer (Geraniaceae) in Altai Mountains

Geranium pseudosibiricum J. Mayer. is a gynodioecious North and Central Asian species. The study was conducted in a grass meadow on the edge of larch forest in the Altai Republic. The aim was to study the sexual and ontogenetic structures of the coenopopulation of G. pseudosibiricum. The generative individual consists of shoots of only one sexual form: hermaphrodite with bisexual flowers and female with pistillate flowers. There are significant differences in the length of corolla: the length of bisexual flowers is 12.2 ± 0.29 mm, pistillate flowers 6.7 ± 0.19 mm. The bisexual flower has well-developed stamens and anthers; the pistillate flower has stamens with underdeveloped anthers. There are no significant differences between hermaphrodite and female individuals in the number of generative shoots and the number of flowers per individual. The ontogenetic structure of the coenopopulation of G. pseudosibiricum is dominated by pregenerative individuals − 53%. Good seed germination contributes to maintenance of sexual structure of the coenopopulation. The female frequency is 55% of the total number of generative plants. The detected morphological differences between bisexual and pistillate flowers and the high female frequency may indicate a high degree of sexual differentiation of G. pseudosibiricum.

Sexual structure of Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch populations in Dagestan

The study of the sexual structure of Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch was carried out in the popula-tions of Piedmont (Talginskaya, Dubkinsko-Miatlinskaya, and Gubdenskaya) and highmountain (Tlyaratinskaya and Tsumadinskaya) Dagestan. In total, 1009 individuals were studied within the entire range of the species in the territory of Dagestan, in which biometric parameters were measured. In populations, polygamous-dioecious individuals of J. polycarpos were identified, and a quantitative ratio of female, male, and polygamous-dioecious individuals was established. Biometric indicators of individuals of different sexes and their index indicators have been determined. The ratio of females and males in the Dagestan populations of J. polycapos, as well as for other Juniperus species in general, may be related to the ecological conditions of the environment (an increase in the altitude above sea level of the place of growth and more arid conditions). At the same time, the change in the ratio of the height and diameter of the crown in trees of different sex groups may depend on the age of individu-als in the population, the timing of their entry into the generative state, and other processes.

Morphometric studies of artemia males from different populations of the Altai region

The long-term data from morphometric studies of Artemia males from bisexual and parthenogenetic populations from hyperhaline reservoirs of the Altai region (Bolshoe Yarovoe Lake, Maloe Shklo Lake, and the Tanatar Lakes system) is analyzed in this paper. The description of signs of sexual dimorphism and sexual structure in different populations is given. The influence of brine salinity and hydrogen index on morphometric parameters of males was analyzed. There are differences in the sexual structure of the Artemia population: in the lakes Maloe Shklo and the thanatar system, the populations are bisexual (the share of males is 28.5 — 75.0 %), in the lake Bolshoe yarovoe — parthenogenetic (the share of males on average does not exceed 3 %). At the same time, sexual dimorphism is typical for both types of populations: females are larger than males, males have a larger head (the distance between the eyes is greater by 15.5 %, the diameter of the eye is 26.1 %, the length of the antenna is 22.3 %) and a larger number of bristles (36.1 %). The greatest variability is observed in the parameters of the Furka structure associated with the salinity of water by feedback and the pH — line indicator. Significant differences between the samples of males were revealed. The largest number of significant differences in morphometric indicators was found between samples of males from bisexual populations (lake thanatar and lake Maloe Shklo), the smallest — between males from the parthenogenetic population of lake Bolshoe yarovoe and males from lake Maloe Shklo.

MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF BRINE SHRIMP’S MALES FROM DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF THE ALTAI REGION

The long-term data from morphometric studies of brine shrimp males from bisexual and parthenogenetic populations from hyperhaline reservoirs of the Altai region (Bolshoe Yarovoe Lake, Maloe Shklo Lake, and the Tanatar Lakes system) is analyzed in the paper. The description of signs of sexual dimorphism and sexual structure in different populations is given. The influence of brine salinity and hydrogen index on morphometric parameters of males is analyzed. Significant differences and similarities between samples of males were established.

Seasonal Dynamics of Biological Indicators of the European Flounder Platichthys flesus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Central Part of the Kola Bay in 2018

The data on the seasonal dynamics of biological indicators of European flounder are presented for the central part of the Kola Bay for the year of 2018. In particular, the size-age and population sexual structure, feeding, and distribution density of European flounder were considered. The constants of the power equation of the dependence of the fish body weight on its length were obtained, the peculiarities of the fish growth were revealed. It is assumed that European flounder is one of the important components of the coastal ecosystems of the Kola Bay.