Co-occurring Hearing Loss and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Dual Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

Hearing loss and cognitive impairments are both highly prevalent neurological complications for older adults. While there is growing evidence to suggest that these two conditions are interrelated, little research has been conducted that directly examines the progression and developmental trajectories of these complications contemporaneously. The aim of the study is to identify the distinct trajectory profiles for hearing loss and cognitive function in an older population over a 10-year period. Through dual trajectory modeling, the interrelationship, co-occurring movements, and overlaps between these two complications were examined. We also investigated the influence of hearing aid ownership on cognitive function trajectories. We utilized longitudinal data from 1,445 participants in the Blue Mountains Hearing Study (aged 55+ years) involving repeated measures from a population-based survey with audiometric hearing assessments. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) identified three trajectory profiles for both hearing loss and cognitive function in two older age groups (55–69 years and 70+ years). The outputs from the dual trajectories models showed the conditional probability for “no hearing loss” trajectories to be around 90% more likely to have “high-normal” cognitive function, demonstrating co-occurring overlap. In contrast, for “moderate to severe hearing loss” trajectories, the conditional probability drops to 65% and 79% for the 55–69 age group and 70+ age group respectively. There was also an increasing probability for “cognitive decline” conditional on the severity of hearing loss with 6.7%, 7.5%, and 8.7% for no hearing loss, mild hearing loss, and moderate to severe hearing loss trajectory groups. While we did not find any statistically significant difference in the influence of hearing aid use in the cognitive function trajectories, there was a consistent greater representation of non-hearing aid users in the trajectories with poorer cognitive function. This study found GBTM to identify trajectories that were in agreement with our current understanding of hearing loss and cognitive impairment in older adults. This study also adds to the existing evidence-base as dual trajectories demonstrated co-occurrence in developmental changes in these two common neurological complications for the older population.

Resiliencia y burnout en la carrera dual (Resilience and burnout in dual career)

La carrera dual en la que un deportista combina estudios o trabajo con deporte puede verse facilitada o interrumpida por distintos factores. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la prevalencia de resiliencia y sintomatología de burnout de deportistas profesionales y analizar las diferencias en función de su compatibilidad o no con una carrera académica y/o profesional. Se evaluó a deportistas élite de diferentes modalidades, 29 varones y 3 mujeres (edad: M = 22.37 DT = 3.9), a los que se le administró la Escala de Resiliencia (Ruíz, De la Vega, Poveda, Rosado, & Serpa, 2012; adaptación de Wagnild y Young, 1993) adaptada al español y el Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas Revisado (IBD-R; Garcés, De Francisco y Arce, 2012). Los resultados mostraron que un 27.7% de los deportistas élite que, a su vez, realizaban sus estudios, presentaba una elevada resiliencia en comparación con el 10% de los atletas que únicamente practica deporte, diferencias significativas destacables. Respecto al síndrome del burnout, el 81.25% de los deportistas evaluados presentaba sintomatología relacionada, sin diferencias significativas en función de si cursaban carrera dual o no. Se aporta así información de la naturaleza beneficiosa y complementaria de las trayectorias duales frente a la deportiva única con deportistas más resilientes, capaces de hacer frente a las transiciones académico/profesionales y deportivas que le acontecen como un reto motivante y no como una amenaza, previniendo situaciones de estrés, el abandono de su deporte y/o estudios. Además, se presenta la resiliencia como competencia emocional clave en la formación de competencias de la carrera dual. === The dual career in which an athlete combines studies or work with sport, can be facilitated or interrupted by different factors. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of resilience and burnout symptoms of professional athletes; and analyze the differences based on their compatibility or not with an academic and/or professional career. Elite athletes of different modalities were evaluated, 29 men and 3 women (age: M = 22.37 SD = 3.9), who were administered the Resilience Scale (Ruíz, De la Vega, Poveda, Rosado, & Serpa, 2012; adaptation of Wagnild and Young, 1993) adapted to Spanish and the Burnout Inventory in Athletes Revised (IBD-R; Garcés, De Francisco and Arce, 2012). The results showed that 27.7% of the elite athletes who, in turn, carried out their studies, presented a high resilience compared to 10% of the athletes who only practice sport, notable significant differences. Regarding burnout syndrome, 81.25% of the athletes evaluated had related symptoms, without significant differences depending on whether they were pursuing a dual career or not. In this way, information is provided on the beneficial and complementary nature of the dual trajectories compared to the single sports, with more resilient athletes; capable of facing the academic/professional and sports transitions that become a motivating challenge and not a threat, preventing stressful situations, abandoning your sport and/or studies. In addition, resilience is presented as a key emotional competence in the skills training dual career.

Times in Place: Moving, Dwelling, Belonging

This chapter connects migrant experiences of temporality to their dwelling within, mobilities across, and attachments to place including nation states, towns, cities and homes. The ethnographic analysis in this chapter is concerned with how time is lived within and across different places, and how rhythms of local, lived time are shaped by the time-regimes that structure migrants' lives. It shows how, for middling migrants, different local places across mobility trajectories have different temporal rhythms and paces of life and influence differently ordered biographies. Migrants' sense of time in place is relational, that is, it is made meaningful through how places enable time to be synchronous with others, either via daily routines of encounter with friends and family, or via the larger scale and collective social valuing of time. Migrants understand present, localized times in relation to the other places that are linked in sequence across the dual trajectories of their geographic mobility and their mobility across the different stages and transitions of their lives. Their positioning as middling migrant shapes the imaginaries and realities of these trajectories across, places, times and indeed, times within places.

Parent and Child Adjustment Dual-Trajectories at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Syndemic

This is a prospective longitudinal study to understand children's and family's adjustment in the US following COVID-19 pandemic.