A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology on Terminalia belerica (Bibhitaki)

Terminalia belerica Roxb. is belonging to family combretaceae, which is growing widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri-Lanka, and South East Asia. It is is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. There are different phytoconstituents Glucoside, Tannins, ellagic acid, ethylgallate, gallylglucose, chebulanic acid which are responsible for its wide therapeutic actions. It is mainly used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and hepatoprotective agent. This review article sites the information of different pharmacological activities of Terminalia belerica which may be source for further research studies. Keywords: Phytoconstituents, pharmacologicalactivities, Terminaliabelerica, therapeutic actions.

The polysaccharides from the Grifola frondosa fruiting body prevent lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury via the miR-122-Nrf2/ARE pathways

The polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa fruiting body can be used as a potential hepatoprotective agent in the treatment of acute liver injury.

Potential of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a Hepatoprotector Agent for Liver Injury Related to Drugs

The use of drugs is one of the most common causes of liver injury, because the liver is the main organ that metabolizes drugs. Little is currently done if there is a liver injury due to the hepatotoxic side effects of a drug. Herbal plants have active natural compounds that have pharmacological effects so they are widely used as alternative treatments. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is one of the most cultivated plants in Asia. Studies on the use of Ocimum basilicum in medicine have been carried out, one of which is the hepatoprotector effect. Studies indicate that Ocimum basilicum is rich in high antioxidant content (flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and rosmaniric acid) capable of providing hepatoprotector effects by helping the regeneration process of hepatocyte cells that are damaged by hepatotoxic agents and significantly decreasing liver damage biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to explain the potential of Ocimum basilicum as a hepatoprotective agent for liver injury associated with drugs. The conclusion of this review is Ocimum basilicum has high potential in its utilization as a hepatoprotector against liver injury mainly related to the consumption of drugs that have hepatotoxic effects.

Potential of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a Hepatoprotector Agent for Liver Injury Related to Drugs

The use of drugs is one of the most common causes of liver injury, because the liver is the main organ that metabolizes drugs. Little is currently done if there is a liver injury due to the hepatotoxic side effects of a drug. Herbal plants have active natural compounds that have pharmacological effects so they are widely used as alternative treatments. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is one of the most cultivated plants in Asia. Studies on the use of Ocimum basilicum in medicine have been carried out, one of which is the hepatoprotector effect. Studies indicate that Ocimum basilicum is rich in high antioxidant content (flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and rosmaniric acid) capable of providing hepatoprotector effects by helping the regeneration process of hepatocyte cells that are damaged by hepatotoxic agents and significantly decreasing liver damage biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to explain the potential of Ocimum basilicum as a hepatoprotective agent for liver injury associated with drugs. The conclusion of this review is Ocimum basilicum has high potential in its utilization as a hepatoprotector against liver injury mainly related to the consumption of drugs that have hepatotoxic effects.

Hepatoprotective effect of Omega-3 PUFAs against acute paracetamol-induced hepatic injury confirmed by FTIR

Acute paracetamol over dose-induced hepatotoxicity is considered an important medical hazard especially among women. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFAs) daily doses are nowadays recommended for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is considered a reliable method in analyzing cellular alterations and is now efficiently used to diagnose several diseases and the efficacy of drugs even in the early stages. The aim of our study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Omega-3 PUFAs against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats confirmed through measuring protein alterations in hepatocytes by FTIR. Rats were pretreated with Omega-3 PUFAs (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days prior to oral ingestion of paracetamol. FTIR results revealed that Omega-3 PUFAs (50 mg/kg) limited the toxic effects of paracetamol by restoring the hepatic amide I to amide II ratio. In addition; biochemical analyses demonstrated that serum ALT, AST, Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Il-6 levels as well as hepatic TNF-α, MDA, NOx levels were decreased. Besides; serum HDL-cholesterol level and hepatic GSH level were increased. Histopathological examinations of hepatic sections validated the hepatoprotective potential. The overall effect of this dose was comparable to those of the usual recommended hepatoprotective supplement; silymarin. In conclusion; it would be recommended to use Omega-3 PUFAs in low doses on daily bases as a hepatoprotective agent.

Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Curcuma heyneana rhizome on isoniazid and rifampin-induced liver injury rats

Introduction: Isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) are antituberculosis drugs that can induce injury in the liver. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the ethanol extract of Curcuma heyneana rhizome on liver injury in animal model induced by INH and RIF. Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. All animals were divided into 7 groups. Liver injury was induced by using combination of INH at the dose of 50 mg/kg and RIF at the dose of 100 mg/kg. These drugs were administrated for 15 days along with extracts at doses of 5, 25, 125 or 625 mg/kg. Positive control group was given catechin. On the 16th day, the rats were sacrificed, blood and livers were collected for assessment of biochemical parameters like alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and histological studies, respectively. Results: The ethanol extract strongly scavenged DPPH with inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) of 82.48 ppm. Administration of ethanol extract of C. heyneana rhizome at the dose of 25, 125 or 625 mg/kg significantly inhibited the elevation of AST and ALT (P<0.01). Moreover, the effects caused by administration of the extracts were similar to the effects caused by catechins. Various doses of the extract could effectively reduce tissue damage. Conclusion: This result suggests that ethanol extract of C. heyneana rhizome at the doses of 25, 125 and 625 mg/kg might be effective as hepatoprotective agent.