Histopathological Features of the Gastric Mucosa in Patients with Chronic Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection at Pertamina Central Hospital Jakarta

Background: Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, accompanied by changes in mucosal histology with or without Helicobacter pylori infection. Changes in the gastric mucosa include gastric mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and epithelial dysplasia. Purposes: This study aims to determine the microscopic appearance of the mucosa in chronic gastritis patients based on standard histopathological criteria, which include gland atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia with or without Helicobacter pylori infection at Pertamina Central Hospital Jakarta period 2018 - 2019. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a cross-sectional study from March 15 to March 25, 2020. Results: This study reported 303 cases of active chronic gastritis (38.4%) out of 790 total samples that met the inclusion criteria. Microscopic changes of the mucosa were found in the form of atrophy of the mucous glands in 254 cases (32.2%), intestinal metaplasia in 25 cases (3.2%), and epithelial dysplasia cases in 23 cases (2.9%). Conclusion: the proportion of active chronic gastritis patients found in this study was helicobacter pylori infection is more dominantly found in patients with active chronic gastritis than in non-active chronic gastritis. The description of atrophic glands in chronic gastritis patients was more dominant than parameters based on intestinal metaplasia and epithelial dysplasia. It was a finding of intestinal metaplasia compared to all cases showing risk factors that require further clinical observation (follow-up) to detect potential malignancies earlier so that it is necessary to do more preventive action.

An Overview of Medical Students’ Psychological in The Process of Distance Learning on Pandemic COVID-19

Background: The spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia in June 2020 does not yet show signs of a decrease. Therefore, Indonesia's Ministry of Education and Culture takes preventive transmission in the educational environment by making the decision letter with four ministers agreeing that learning in higher education of the academic year 2020/2021 in all zones shall be held online. Online learning is a learning system that does not need face to face directly but uses a platform that can help the process of distance learning. The burden of learning materials and academic demands of medical students can cause students anxiety, especially in the pandemic COVID-19. Purposes: to determine an overview of the medical students' psychological in distance learning during the pandemic COVID-19. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using descriptive quantitative analysis. The data used primary data through Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Results: The results of the study showed that the highest percentage is at mild anxiety about 47.3%, mild stress level with 7.8%, and mild depression that 13.2%. Factors that can lead to psychological disorders in medical students, the demands of learning, and a sense of worry excessive about the process and the results. Conclusions: Factors that lead to anxiety, stress, and depression in medical students when implementing distance learning can be different for each individual.

The Effect of the Birthing Ball on Duration of the First Stage of Labour in Primigravida at Utama Barokah Clinic, Bandung City in 2021

Background: Labour and birth are physiological and normal events. The process is considered to be normal if it takes 37-42 weeks without any complications. Non-pharmacological methods to speed up the progress of labour include birthing ball exercises. The Birthing ball exercise is a technique to help the progress of labour that can be used during the first stage of labour. Until now, birthing balls are not widely known and not common, even though birthing balls are very effective in accelerating the birth process. The advantage of using the birthing ball is that it increases blood flow to the uterus, placenta and baby, and provides comfort for the knees and ankles. Purposes: The purpose of this study was to determine the average length of the first stage of labour in primigravida using a birthing ball and those not using a birthing ball and the effect of the birthing ball on the duration of the first stage of labour in primigravida. Method: This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a Randomized Two-Group design, Post-test only. This study was held at Utama Barokah Clinic, Bandung from June to July 2021. Result: The research sample was 30 respondents, primigravida during the first stage of labour with data analysis using the Mann Whitney test, and the p value <0.05 was obtained. Conclusion: There was a difference in the average length of the first stage of labour in primigravida using a birthing ball and those not using a birthing ball.

A Descriptive Study about Students’ Symptoms and Knowledge of Computer Vision Syndrome

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had many impacts on various aspects of life, one of which is education. The education system has changed from face-to-face to online learning methods. Online learning methods make students more likely to use digital media such as computers, laptops or mobile phones. The use of digital media that occurs continuously and without being balanced with sufficient knowledge can certainly have impacts on eye health. One form of eye health problems that often arise due to the use of digital media is computer vision syndrome (CVS). Purposes: Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to see the picture of students' knowledge about this disorder. Methods: The method used in this research is cross-sectional descriptive. Result: The mean age of the respondents was 19.91±1.648 years. A total of 82.7% of respondents complained of having more than 5 symptoms and as many as 98.5% had CVS. 90.6% of respondents complained about fatigue eyes, followed by 80.5% complained about eye strain symptoms and 80.5% complained about headaches, 42.9% of respondents have a lack of knowledge about CVS and only 15.4% of respondents have a good level of knowledge about CVS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that respondents’ lack of knowledge about CVS is the cause of the high prevalence of CVS in students, so they don’t know how to prevent this CVS. Therefore, it is necessary to take actions to increase students' knowledge about this disorder, so that it doesn’t cause negative impacts on eye health in the future.

The Outcome of Patients with Sepsis at Tarakan Hospital Central Jakarta in 2018

Background: Sepsis is a common, life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In 2017, estimated cases for sepsis reached 48.9 million worldwide, with 11 million deaths. Adequate antibiotic therapy is crucial for the treatment of sepsis. Purposes: The objective of this study is to find factors related to sepsis patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a 1-year retrospective descriptive study with the inclusion criteria of all adult sepsis patients in Tarakan District Hospital in 2018. We compiled 39 samples that fit the inclusion criteria. Results: The distribution gender of this study were 51.2% female and 48.8% male patients; with most patients in the age of <65 years old (53.8%), <7 days in the length of stay (72%), and the most common source of infection was gastrointestinal (33.3%) followed by lungs (28.2%). Conclusion: We found a mortality rate of 59%, with the most common source of infection leading to death was the lungs (81.2%) and treated with single ceftriaxone antibiotic therapy (78.3%). Another factor associated with mortality is inadequate single antibiotic therapy.

Overview of The Head CT-Scan in Stroke Patients who was Treated at Muhammadiyah Hospital Palembang

Background: Stroke is a collection of symptoms of neurological deficits due to sudden acute disturbance of brain function, both focal and global, caused by blockage or rupture of arteries and veins and proven by imaging and/or reflex pathology. Using CT-Scan, the description of acute phase stroke can be easier and can determine the appropriate treatment criteria for stroke. Purposes: To determine characteristic Head CT-Scan image of stroke patients hospitalized in Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital. Methods: This study was conducted in a retrospective descriptive manner and obtained a sample of 41 stroke patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria using total sampling. Result: In this study, there were 28 patients (68.2%) with ischemic stroke and 13 patients (31.7%) with hemorrhagic stroke. Head CT-Scan image of ischemic stroke shows basal ganglia lesion (28.5%) and the right hemisphere lesions (57.1%) as the most predominant area. Head CT-Scan image of hemorrhagic stroke (58.3%) had intracerebral hemorrhage with the dominant thalamic lesion area (66.6%) and the right hemisphere (58.3%) had the most lesions with 8 patients (66, 6%) had a midline shift. Stroke patients were treated as experienced by the elderly (90.2%) and were dominated by the female sex (63.4%) and are dominated by clinical symptoms of hemiparesis (29.2%). Conclusion: Stroke patients at Muhammadiyah Palembang hospital dominated by ischemic stroke and on head CT Scan image predominantly shows lesions on the right cerebral hemisphere.

Correlation between Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection with Nutritional Status in Elementary School at Deli Serdang Regency North Sumatera

Background: The prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections in Indonesia is still high, especially in elementary school children in North Sumatra Province. STH infection is thought to cause harm to nutrient requirements due to lack of calories, causing health and nutritional conditions to decline. Purposes: To determine the relationship of STH infection with nutritional status in 105926 State Elementary School students. Method: Analytic observational with cross sectional design. Sampling uses a total sampling method, with a total sample of 87 people. Nutritional status was determined by the CDC-NCHS 2000 growth curve and the determination of the STH infection used the Kato-Katz examination method. Results: 26 samples (29,9%) were positive and 61 samples (70,1%) were negative for STH infections. Positive samples infected with STH have nutritional status that is dominated by moderate and good nutritional status. Conclusion: There is no correlation between STH infection and nutritional status in 105296 State Elementary School students in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra.

Correlation Between Medical Information Completeness and Accuracy of The Diagnosis Code for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Hypertension Based on ICD-10 in Medical Record at Cibening Health Center

Background: Completeness of patient medical information in medical records is one indicator in assessing the quality of health services. Complete and accurate medical records contribute to the accuracy of medical staff in making a diagnosis so that they can determine the correct diagnosis code according to the ICD-10 guidelines. A good medical record shows that a doctor or other medical staff has carried out their duties by the demands of their profession as stated in the Medical Practice Law No.29 of 2004. Purposes: To find out there is or not a correlation between the medical information completeness and the accuracy of the diagnosis code for upper respiratory tract infection and hypertension based on the ICD-10 in the medical record documents of outpatients at the Cibening Health Center in 2019. Method: The method used in this study is observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The population of this study was outpatient medical records with a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection and hypertension at the Cibening Health Center in 2019. The sampling technique used a simple random sampling technique with a sample size of 100. Results: Out of obtained 71 complete medical record (71%) filling in medical records, 64 medical records (64%) were accurate in giving ICD-10 codes, 63 medical records (88.7%) with complete medical information had accurate diagnosis codes in comparison with 8 medical records (11.3%) which were complete but inaccurate diagnosis code. Conclusion: With a p-value of 0.000, there is a significant correlation between the completeness of medical information and the accuracy of the diagnosis code for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Hypertension based on ICD-10.

Relationship of Stress and Sleep Disorders in Faculty of Medical Students of Malahayati University during COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on March 11, 2020 that the disease outbreak caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus is a global pandemic. Therefore those educational institutions ranging from preschool to tertiary levels are closed for a while. Lecture activities are carried out remotely through Online applications that support lecture activities. Educators and parents are confused about accompanying their children to study at home, while students are confused or stressed by online learning methods and extensive learning with many tasks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This stress can cause adverse effects, such as high blood pressure, dizziness, sadness, attention, insomnia and other sleep abnormality, hypersensitivity, depression, etc. In some cases, stress can cause a variety of discomfort. Purposes: to find out the relationship between stress and sleep disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The test conducted in this study is the Spearman test and quantitative type with analytic design and cross-sectional approach. The measuring instruments used were the DASS 42 questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 42) and the PSQI questionnaire. Results: respondents in this study were 60 respondents. The largest distribution among the stress variables was moderate stress level (40%), while the largest type of the two levels of sleep disorder is bad level (80%), and the results of the correlation analysis on the stress variable with sleep disorders obtained P=0.000 and the result of the correlation coefficient r=0.720. Conclusion: Based on the results of the Spearman test on the relationship between stress and sleep disorders, the P value was 0.000 (P<0.05) indicating that there was a relationship between sleep disorders and stress, while the r value was 0.720 or positive correlation, meaning that the higher the stress level, the higher the sleep disturbance, vice versa.

Primers application with the Tso31 gene target in the molecular identification of Taenia solium

Background: taeniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Taenia spp. Human taeniasis caused by Taenia solium can be acquired after consumption of raw insufficiently cooked infected pork meat. Pigs are intermediate host for T.solium. Pigs acquired this infection by eating human feces that contained T.solium eggs. Pigs infected with T.solium can be transmitted to humans. Purposes: identification of T.solium in pig is important because it is indicator of T.solium transmission. Microscopic examination of T.solium eggs is considered less effective and efficient so that many other methods are developed for T.solium detection such as molecular and immunology. Method: This method used specific primer which can detect the Tso31 gene in T.solium. Tso31 gene is one of the most promising antigens to differentiate T.solium from T.saginata. Pig feces samples were taken by random sampling technique from 7 pig farms in Denpasar. Result: from the 30 samples, we found one sample that which gave a single amplification product of 234 bp. This indicates that the pig farms in Denpasar have been infected with T.solium. Conclusion: it is necessary to do meat inspection properly in the market as well as health education about the dangers and impacts of T.solium infection in the community.