Collection and evaluation of Iris species in Southwest China

China is known as one of the most diverse centres of wild Iris resources in the world, there are 60 species, 13 varieties, and five forms distributed in southwest, northwest, and northeast China. The goal of this study was to describe the distribution, collection, and evaluation of Iris species collected in southwest China. Wild populations were identified and classified into 23 species, two varieties, and one form based on their morphological characteristics. We discovered some species with new distribution and characteristics. Furthermore, we also used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method with 16 indicator points to evaluate the collected Iris resources based on their ornamental value, utilization potential, and ecological adaptability. The results showed that I. pseudacorus, I. delavayi, I. germanica, I. wilsonii, I. sibirica, and I. tectorum had excellent ornamental characters and best suited for sustained exploitation. This research also provided a good theoretical guidance and an important reference value for the application of Iris plants in landscaping and provided suggestions for the conservation and utilization of wild Iris resources.

Strategi pengembangan ekowisata pegunungan di Kabupaten Natuna Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

This research aims to analyze the tourist attractions, amenitas and accessibility assuport ecotourism mountains on Mount Ranai as well as reviewing and formulating development strategies of ecotourism in mountainous area of Mount Ranai. Data retrieval is done by survey method with descriptive qualitative analysis and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate the condition of the Attractions found in the region of Mount Ranai is very diverse and is unique so it is potentially exploited as tourist attractions. While amenitas and accessibility is already quite sufficient to support the development of ecotourism mountains. Government’s role is indispensable in the development of ecotourism is mountainous area of Mount Ranai. As for the effort that should involve the parties such as related organizations pertaining to the environment and related agencies. On the other hand, the efforts of the utilization potential of natural resources in a friendly with the concept of ecotourism was necessary in an effort to maintain the raw water source of the local community.

Fecal Microbiota Nutrient Utilization Potential Suggests Mucins as Drivers for Initial Gut Colonization of Mother-Child-Shared Bacteria

ABSTRACT The nutritional drivers for mother-child sharing of bacteria and the corresponding longitudinal trajectory of the infant gut microbiota development are not yet completely settled. We therefore aimed to characterize the mother-child sharing and the inferred nutritional utilization potential for the gut microbiota from a large unselected cohort. We analyzed in depth gut microbiota in 100 mother-child pairs enrolled antenatally from the general population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in Children (PreventADALL) cohort. Fecal samples collected at gestational week 18 for mothers and at birth (meconium), 3, 6, and 12 months for infants were analyzed by reduced metagenome sequencing to determine metagenome size and taxonomic composition. The nutrient utilization potential was determined based on the Virtual Metabolic Human (VMH, www.vmh.life) database. The estimated median metagenome size was ∼150 million base pairs (bp) for mothers and ∼20 million bp at birth for the children. Longitudinal analyses revealed mother-child sharing (P < 0.05, chi-square test) from birth up to 6 months for 3 prevalent Bacteroides species (prevalence, >25% for all age groups). In a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), the mother-child-shared Bacteroides were associated with vaginal delivery (1.7% explained variance, P = 0.0001). Both vaginal delivery and mother-child sharing were associated with host-derived mucins as nutrient sources. The age-related increase in metagenome size corresponded to an increased diversity in nutrient utilization, with dietary polysaccharides as the main age-related factor. Our results support host-derived mucins as potential selection means for mother-child sharing of initial colonizers, while the age-related increase in diversity was associated with dietary polysaccharides. IMPORTANCE The initial bacterial colonization of human infants is crucial for lifelong health. Understanding the factors driving this colonization will therefore be of great importance. Here, we used a novel high-taxonomic-resolution approach to deduce the nutrient utilization potential of the infant gut microbiota in a large longitudinal mother-child cohort. We found mucins as potential selection means for the initial colonization of mother-child-shared bacteria, while the transition to a more adult-like microbiota was associated with dietary polysaccharide utilization potential. This knowledge will be important for a future understanding of the importance of diet in shaping the gut microbiota composition and development during infancy.