The chapter begins with an account of the lives and works of Diṅnāga and Dharmakīrti, the key thinkers of the so-called ‘logico-epistemological school’. Following sections discuss the most important themes of their philosophy: epistemology, metaphysics, inference, and language. The discussion then turns to two specific epistemological problems, the status of scriptural authority and the role of meditatively trained, ‘yogic’ perception. The next section deals with the complex issue of how the school of Diṅnāga and Dharmakīrti relates to the other Buddhist schools, followed by a discussion of its debate with Mīmāṃsā, with particular emphasis on Mīmāṃsā epistemology, theory of language, and historiography. A final section treats the end of Buddhist scholastic philosophy in India, looking at two important thinkers from the times after Diṅnāga and Dharmakīrti, Śāntideva and Atiśa Dīpaṃkaraśrījñāna.