Improving Salience Retention and Identification in the Automated Filtering of Event Log Messages

<p>Event log messages are currently the only genuine interface through which computer systems administrators can effectively monitor their systems and assemble a mental perception of system state. The popularisation of the Internet and the accompanying meteoric growth of business-critical systems has resulted in an overwhelming volume of event log messages, channeled through mechanisms whose designers could not have envisaged the scale of the problem. Messages regarding intrusion detection, hardware status, operating system status changes, database tablespaces, and so on, are being produced at the rate of many gigabytes per day for a significant computing environment. Filtering technologies have not been able to keep up. Most messages go unnoticed; no filtering whatsoever is performed on them, at least in part due to the difficulty of implementing and maintaining an effective filtering solution. The most commonly-deployed filtering alternatives rely on regular expressions to match pre-defi ned strings, with 100% accuracy, which can then become ineffective as the code base for the software producing the messages 'drifts' away from those strings. The exactness requirement means all possible failure scenarios must be accurately anticipated and their events catered for with regular expressions, in order to make full use of this technique. Alternatives to regular expressions remain largely academic. Data mining, automated corpus construction, and neural networks, to name the highest-profi le ones, only produce probabilistic results and are either difficult or impossible to alter in any deterministic way. Policies are therefore not supported under these alternatives. This thesis explores a new architecture which utilises rich metadata in order to avoid the burden of message interpretation. The metadata itself is based on an intention to improve end-to-end communication and reduce ambiguity. A simple yet effective filtering scheme is also presented which fi lters log messages through a short and easily-customisable set of rules. With such an architecture, it is envisaged that systems administrators could signi ficantly improve their awareness of their systems while avoiding many of the false-positives and -negatives which plague today's fi ltering solutions.</p>

Improving Salience Retention and Identification in the Automated Filtering of Event Log Messages

<p>Event log messages are currently the only genuine interface through which computer systems administrators can effectively monitor their systems and assemble a mental perception of system state. The popularisation of the Internet and the accompanying meteoric growth of business-critical systems has resulted in an overwhelming volume of event log messages, channeled through mechanisms whose designers could not have envisaged the scale of the problem. Messages regarding intrusion detection, hardware status, operating system status changes, database tablespaces, and so on, are being produced at the rate of many gigabytes per day for a significant computing environment. Filtering technologies have not been able to keep up. Most messages go unnoticed; no filtering whatsoever is performed on them, at least in part due to the difficulty of implementing and maintaining an effective filtering solution. The most commonly-deployed filtering alternatives rely on regular expressions to match pre-defi ned strings, with 100% accuracy, which can then become ineffective as the code base for the software producing the messages 'drifts' away from those strings. The exactness requirement means all possible failure scenarios must be accurately anticipated and their events catered for with regular expressions, in order to make full use of this technique. Alternatives to regular expressions remain largely academic. Data mining, automated corpus construction, and neural networks, to name the highest-profi le ones, only produce probabilistic results and are either difficult or impossible to alter in any deterministic way. Policies are therefore not supported under these alternatives. This thesis explores a new architecture which utilises rich metadata in order to avoid the burden of message interpretation. The metadata itself is based on an intention to improve end-to-end communication and reduce ambiguity. A simple yet effective filtering scheme is also presented which fi lters log messages through a short and easily-customisable set of rules. With such an architecture, it is envisaged that systems administrators could signi ficantly improve their awareness of their systems while avoiding many of the false-positives and -negatives which plague today's fi ltering solutions.</p>

ΕΠΙΒΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΝΟΙΑΣ: REFLECTIONS ON THE FOURTH EPICUREAN CRITERION OF TRUTH

This paper discusses ἐπιβολαὶ τῆς διανοίας, which later Epicureans are supposed to have elevated to a fourth criterion of truth to complement perceptions, preconceptions and feelings. By examining Epicurus’ extant writings, the paper distinguishes three different senses of the term: ‘thought in general’, ‘act of attention’ and ‘mental perception’. It is argued that only the sense ‘mental perception’ yields a plausible reading of ἐπιβολαί as a criterion of truth. The paper then turns to the textual evidence on ἐπιβολαί in later authors. While the term ἐπιβολή (or its Latin equivalent) is not used by Cicero, Lucretius and Philodemus in the sense of mental perception, it is argued that this still is the most plausible way of understanding ἐπιβολή as a criterion of truth.

Perception

This chapter provides an overview of Buddhist accounts of perceptual knowledge as articulated by Dignāga and Dharmakīrti. It identifies the key features of these two epistemologists’ accounts of perception and discusses the important ways in which these two thinkers’ accounts differ from one another. The second half of the chapter explores the question of how far the scope of perceptual knowledge can be extended and looks at the various subtypes of perception that are adopted by Buddhist epistemologists including reflexive perception, mental perception and yogic perception. The chapter concludes by exploring how perceptual cognitions differ from instances of illusion and hallucination.

Strategic Choice of Language Use in Bush’s COVID-19 Message: A Linguistic Adaptation Perspective

Language is essential not only in maintaining interpersonal relationships but also in achieving other social or political goals. In politics, the language is a tool creatively used by politicians to brainwash, manipulate, encourage and persuade their citizens or masses to do something. Strategic choice of language has made it easier for politicians to influence citizens' emotional and mental perception with their political speeches and messages. Through the use of Verschureren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory, this study analyses President Bush’s COVID-19 message to examine how it adapts to the three-communication context in correlation adaptability and how it influences the emotional and mental perception of the US citizens in abiding with the stipulated health regulations and fostering unity and solidarity. The findings of the study show that, through the strategic choice of language use which adapts to the social, mental and physical world, the former American President Bush tends to persuade, encourage and inculcate the sense of unity and the American spirit in the American citizens to remain calm by following the health regulations.

СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ И РАВЕНСТВО КАК АЛЬТЕРНАТИВЫ СВОБОДЕ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ РОССИЙСКОГО СОЦИУМА

in the historical context of Russia, the correlation and interrelation of the concepts and values of freedom with justice and equality are considered. It is shown that in Russian society, historically, based on the Byzantine model of the relationship between the state and the Church, these institutions nurtured humility, patience, and asceticism to all the vicissitudes of life in the mentality and way of life of the Russian people. This is why the consciousness of the Russian ethnic group has a special craving for permanent affirmation of the values of equality and justice in everyday life at different times and periods. The discontent of the masses, which resulted in riots, uprisings, and other forms of protest, was the result of their feeling that the rich and the authorities were violating equality and justice in their way of life. The article shows the mediative role of justice in relation to equality and freedom and the constant mental perception of equality as justice in Russian historical realities. Special attention is paid to understanding the reasons for the ineradicable desire of Russian society for justice, which turns into opposites of injustice and inequality. An important statement is the idea that in Russian society it is necessary to form objective and subjective conditions that root the value of freedom, without which justice cannot be fully established. The author emphasizes the need to make a change in the culture and mentality of Russians in the understanding that justice without freedom is unfair, and justice is just only in Union with freedom. It is the transition from the confrontational model of “justice against freedom” to the model of “just justice based on freedom” that will largely determine the civilizational breakthrough to a successful future for Russia.

Mental image of planting of greenery and improvement of microdistricts of the city of Brest by its citizens

The article is devoted to the issues of studying the mental perception planting of greenery and improvement of the city by creating mental maps. The development and creation of mental maps allows you to see the opinion of urban residents about the state and main problem situations of various components of the urban environment. The study of the mental perception of planting of greenery and improvement of the city was carried out on the example of Brest at the level of its microdistrict. There are 17 microdistricts in the city, which are quite different from each other in terms of area, configuration and population. The study was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire survey of the population of its individual microdistrict. The majority of the city&apos;s residents consider Brest a fairly green city. The greenest microdistrict are named by the majority of respondents as Center and East. The majority of respondents believe that their microdistrictis greened more than others, or it is green well, but the plantings are not well-groomed. Inhabitants of the majority of microdistricts believe that the planting of greenery of the territories of their districts does not change. According to residents, the main problematic situations associated with the greening of the city&apos;s microdistricts are the presence of old trees, a significant number of trees that are poorly suited for the urban environment. Most often, the residents of Brest are not satisfied with such types of landscaping as green areas, lawns and flower beds. The practical significance of the study is that its results can be claimed at the local administrative level to justify projects of measures aimed at preserving and preventing the degradation of natural and natural-anthropogenic urban geosystems, as well as ensuring sustainable development of the urban environment of Brest.